Volcanoes and volcanic hazards

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Presentation transcript:

Volcanoes and volcanic hazards Geology 101

Many different volcano types

Volcanic hazard summary This ain’t Dante’s Peak – not all hazards occur at all volcanoes

Volcanic hazards -- lava flow

Volcanic hazards -- pyroclastic flow

Volcanic hazard -- tephra (ash) fall Tephra is any ejected material from an eruption Size range is quite large Rock names are not related to ejection

Volcanic hazard -- lahar <iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/5x5tZAHEoRU" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

Lahars -- mudslides on volcanoes Don’t need an eruption to start, thus less predictable Require loose material, slope and water (Cascades) Extend for 100 miles down river valleys off volcanoes

Volcanic hazard -- blast

Characterizing eruptions -- the VEI scale

Case study: Toba (74 ka)

Mitochondrial DNA study yielded an odd result

Toba eruption caused a human population “bottleneck”

Planning for the next one