Monitoring weather and climate from space EUMETSAT Monitoring weather and climate from space

Data applications To assist the human forecaster in diagnosing and monitoring the development of hazardous weather systems… For daily weather forecasting, to save human life and property… For industry, aviation, maritime transport … … and for climate and environmental monitoring.

Global meteorological satellite system GEOSTATIONARY GOES-11, -12, -13, -14, -15 (USA) METEOSAT-9 (EUMETSAT) 0oLongitude METEOSAT-8 (EUMETSAT) 9.5oE METEOSAT-7 (EUMETSAT) 57.5oE METEOSAT-6 (EUMETSAT) 67.5oE GOMS-2 (RUSSIA) KALPANA-1 (INDIA) FY-2D (CHINA) INSAT-3A (INDIA) FY-2E (CHINA) FY-2C (CHINA) COMS (SOUTH KOREA) MTSAT-1R (JAPAN) MTSAT-2 (JAPAN) 1-5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 LOW EARTH ORBIT METOP-A (EUMETSAT) JASON-2 (USA, EUROPE) NOAA-15, -16, -17, -18, -19 (USA) FY-1D (CHINA) FY-3A (CHINA) OCEANSAT-1, -2 (INDIA) METEOR-M N1 (RUSSIA) 19 20 21-25 26 EUMETSAT satellites Partner satellites 27 28-29 27-28 30

EUMETSAT space segment YEAR... 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 METEOSAT FIRST GENERATION METEOSAT-6 METEOSAT-7 METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION METEOSAT-8 METEOSAT-9 METEOSAT-10 METEOSAT-11 METEOSAT THIRD GENERATION MTG-l-1 MTG-S-1 MTG-l-2 MTG-l-3 MTG-S-2 MTG-l-4 EUMETSAT POLAR SYSTEM (EPS) METOP-A METOP-B METOP-C EPS SECOND GENERATION OCEAN SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY MISSION JASON-2 JASON-3 JASON CONTINUITY OF SERVICES (CS) THIRD-PARTY PROGRAMMES GMES SENTINEL-3 GMES SENTINEL-4 ON MTG GMES SENTINEL-5 ON EPS SECOND GENERATION

EUMETSAT ground segment overview EUMETSAT geostationary systems Meteosat satellites Jason-2 Optional programme for ocean altimetry EUMETSAT Polar System Metop satellites NOAA satellites Data acquisition and control Flight Operations Pre-processing EUMETSAT HQ Third-party data sources Data Centre EUMETSAT HQ Darmstadt Meteorological product extraction EUMETSAT HQ Darmstadt Satellite Application Facilities within the Member States Centralised processing and generation of products Decentralised processing and generation of products Data dissemination via EUMETCast Applications Ground Segment Users

EUMETSAT as a global data provider Data sources distributed via EUMETCast EUMETSAT American Turnaround Service AtlanticBird-3 Users in America EUMETSAT SAF Network ECMWF NOAA/NESDIS European Uplink Service EuroBird-9 Users in Europe NASA VITO WMO African Turnaround Service NewSkies-806 Users in Africa Other Deutscher Wetterdienst Local/National users Meteo France

EUMETCast coverage EB-9, KU-BAND AB-3, C-BAND EUMETCAST AMERICAS NSS-806, C-BAND EUMETCAST EUROPE EB-9, KU-BAND EUMETCAST AFRICA AB-3, C-BAND

Polar-orbiting satellites EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS) Europe’s first series of polar-orbiting satellites for operational meteorology consists of three Metop in low Earth orbit to operate over a period of at least 14 years. Metop-A (launched in 2006) carries imaging and sounding instruments direct broadcasting and data collection capabilities significant contribution to the Global Observing System and the monitoring of climate and atmospheric chemistry. EPS data unprecedented accuracy; used in various applications such as Numerical Weather Prediction models, atmospheric composition, cloud detection analysis or radiation budget components. EPS –SG (in approval process) Second Generation EPS ready in 2018 two satellite configuration being studied with distributed payloads for the two satellites Payload to include GMES Sentinel-5 Partners:

The current EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS) EPS is the European contribution to a joint European-US satellite system, the Initial Joint Polar-Orbiting Operational Satellite System (IJPS) EPS provides continuous, long-term data sets in support of operational meteorological and environmental forecasting, and global climate monitoring EPS consists of a series of 3 polar orbiting Metop satellites, to be flown successively for more than 15 years from 2006, together with the relevant ground facilities Metop-A was launched in 2006. Metop B will be launched in 2012. Metop C launch is currently planned in 2016. 4 ‘Heritage' instruments (11 units for Metop A/B/C) provided by the US and a new generation of European instruments augmenting accuracy of temperature humidity measurements, readings of wind speed and direction, and atmospheric ozone profiles

The payload on Metop AVHRR-3 GRAS GOME-2 HIRS-4 Metop 1/2 only IASI ASCAT AMSU-A1 MHS AMSU-A2

The payload on Metop AMSU-A : a microwave sounder ASCAT : a scatterometer radar AVHRR : an imager GOME : a UV/Visible/NIR spectrometer GRAS : a radio-occultation limb sounder HIRS : an infra-red sounder IASI : a hyperspectral infra-red sounder ATOVS : the synergy of AMSU-A, HIRS and MHS for atmospheric sounding

EPS contributes to environmental and climate monitoring Retrieval of trace gases and greenhouse gases CO Ozone CH4 CO2 Russian Wildfires summer 2010 seen by IASI CO retrieval (August, 2010) Provision of long time series for Climate Monitoring Three re-current Metop satellites At least 15 years of operation Continuity of previous missions (ATOVS, AVHRR, GOME, ASCAT) Volcanic Ash Monitoring with IASI

Forecast error-reduction contribution (%) Instrument contribution to Numerical Weather Prediction error-reduction Forecast error-reduction contribution (%) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 O3 GOES-R MTSAT MSG METEO- AMSRE AMSUB MHS SSMI GPS-RO IASI AIRS AMSUA HIRS SCAT MODIS METEO GMS GOES PILOT TEMP DRIBU AIREP SYNOP Radiance Radar Clouds Track In Situ Forecast sensitivity to observations 24-hour forecast error-reduction contribution (%) of the components (types) of the observing system during September – December 2008. (Source: ECMWF)

EPS Global and Local Data provision in NRT Global data service 135 min timeliness specified ~115 min achieved being ~halved through Antarctic McMurdo reception station) Local data service HRPT (High Resolution Picture Transmission) service (NRT) EUMETSAT Advanced Retransmission Service (using HRPT, 30 min timeliness) Long term archiving of all mission data (level 1 and level 2) in the EUMETSAT Data Centre

4. Metop-A status and planning a. In orbit status incl 4. Metop-A status and planning a. In orbit status incl. extension of HRPT zone HRPT:B unit in restricted operation Globalisation of the coverage commenced operation on January 18th. AMSU A1: Channel 7 is declared failed

Extended AHRPTswitch-ON zone: descending part of the orbit:

Extended AHRPTswitch-ON zone: ascending part of the orbit

Outlook on the polar system: evolution of EPS and beyond The EPS “Day-2 Products” ASCAT Global Soil Moisture AVHRR Polar Cap Winds AVHRR Global Normalised Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) Improved IASI Level 2 : principal component analysis /radiative transfer, iterative retrieval of trace gases, cloudy /partly cloudy soundings ASCAT Dynamic Orbit Normalisation GRAS Wave Optics IASI-MSG Global Instability Index IASI : more trace gases ?

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