WARM UP – APRIL 21 New Seating Chart - Everyone find your name Grab the Guided Notes from the front table Answer these review questions on a clean sheet of paper 1. What is abolition? 2. Who was William Lloyd Garrison and what did he call for? 3. What were the 2 responses to Nat Turner’s Rebellion? 4. What were 2 arguments that slavery supporters used to defend slavery as “good?”

What is a Reform Movement? Work to change society for the better. Focused on improving conditions for the poor, enslaved, imprisoned, women, and disabled. Examples of current reform movements: Immigration reform Equal marriage Gun control Equal pay Education reform

Second Great Awakening – What/When? Second Great Awakening (religious reform) What? Religious revival in the early-mid 1800s Emphasized personal salvation Individuals could improve themselves and society Individual responsibility for going to heaven or hell Reflected Jacksonian principles – emphasis on the common person’s ability to improve/change themselves When? Early-mid 1800s

Second Great Awakening – Where? Starts in KY and TN and moves north

Second Great Awakening – How? Sermons were given at revivals A gathering to “reawaken” religious faith Outdoors Could be over 20,000 people 4-5 days Very emotional – crying out, burst into tears, or tremble 1800 – 1/15 American churchgoers 1860 – 1/6 American churchgoers

Second Great Awakening – Who? Charles Finney – famous and influential preacher who traveled the country and attracted large crowds

Second Great Awakening – Why Important? Large scale growth of Christian churches across the nation. Emphasis on self-determination (choosing your own fate) Led to other reform movements Bettering society and doing good  bettering yourself  salvation

Second Great Awakening – Why Important? 2nd G.A. brought Christianity to many enslaved African Americans Belief that ALL people belonged to the same God  revivals open to whites and blacks (segregated seats) Slaves saw the Christian message as a promise of freedom 1816 - African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church established Cultural center for African Americans (church, schools, etc) Deep inner faith to fight slavery

Transcendentalism – What? Transcendentalism (literary and philosophical reform) What? Philosophical and literary movement that emphasized transcending (going beyond) the senses to learn about and connect to the natural world Emphasized living a simple immaterial life and celebrating emotion and imagination When? Early-mid 1800s

Transcendentalism – Where/How? Mostly Eastern coast How? Literary movement stressing optimism, freedom, and self-reliance Living without material possessions Encouraged civil disobedience – refusing to obey laws seen as unjust

Transcendentalism – How? Utopian communities – “ideal” or “perfect communities Stressed self-sufficiency, wholesomeness, and simplicity Experimental – never lasted more than a few years Brook Farm, New Harmony, Oneida Community

Transcendentalism – Who? Ralph Waldo Emerson Transcendentalist writer Led the Transcendentalism movement in the early 1800s

Transcendentalism – Who? Henry David Thoreau Transcendentalist writer Lived in the woods without possessions for 2 years (self-reliance) Wrote Walden – urged readers to follow their inner voice Practiced civil disobedience – didn’t pay US taxes because he didn’t support some policies (including slavery)  went to jail

Transcendentalism – Why Important? Reflected American ideals of self-reliance, individualism, and freedom of thought

Prison Reform – What/When/Where? Social reform an attempt to change the prison system for the better to help the mentally ill and criminals When? 1845-1852 Where? Prisons and asylums in the US

Prison Reform – Who/How? Dorothea Dix Observed prisoners who were physically punished or isolated for extended periods Saw that some prisoners were not mentally healthy enough to be the prison environment How? Dix helped pass a law in MA to improve conditions for prisons Encouraged other states to send mentally ill prisoners to asylums – a place for the care of the mentally ill

Prison Reform – Why Important? Changed the way prisoners and the mentally ill were treated Focused on rehabilitation of criminals and mentally ill  treat them to make them into useful members of society Reflects religious reforms – everyone has a purpose and can be improved

School Reform – What/When/Where? Social reform An attempt to change the educational system for the better When? 1830s Where? Started in MA, spread to other states

School Reform –Who? Who? School was not mandatory in most states Students were not separated by age/grade – everyone together in one room Few students continued beyond 10 years old Who? Horace Mann – Education reformer in MA, 1st Secretary of the Board of Education in MA

School Reform – How? Mann helped… Increase tax-payer money spent on public schools (to make them competition for private schools) Pass laws to make school attendance mandatory Establish teacher-training programs Create better curriculums

School Reform – Why Important? Still, women, African Americans, and immigrants were denied some quality of education. Improving schools led to a more educated public. Mandatory schooling required children to leave poor working conditions in factories. Contributed to the public educational system today.

REFORM YOUR SCHOOL ACTIVITY You will be in charge of reforming school in an effort to create the “perfect high school” Name your school Draw a school logo that shows the mascot for your school (in color) How many periods will be included in your school day? Why did you choose this number? (Provide a reason) What classes will your school offer? Why did you choose these classes? What is one big change your school will have from Franklinton (what is one thing you would like to change about Franklinton – how will you make this change in your school)? You can change your school anyway you would like as long as your changes make sense and you have reasons for each change and all changes, names are appropriate