In your Interactive Notebook: Unit 3 - Lesson 3 Investigating Crimes: Police, Sheriffs, & Law Enforcement LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How does law enforcement investigate criminal accusations? ESSENTIAL Lesson VOCABULARY: Jurisdiction Probable cause Warrant Arrest Extradition Complaint Bail Hearing Indictment FBI SBI Local police County sheriff State Police Warm Up (In google doc): What different responsibilities do “law enforcement” agencies have? Does it make sense for law enforcement agencies supervised by the executive, legisilative, or judicial branch?

Final Grades & Contracts 3rd Quarter ends Friday. Grade book CLOSES WEDNESDAY for any late work from Units 1 or 2. All work for Unit 3 (this week) goes on the 4th quarter. Shout Outs: PERFECT ATTENDANCE: Jeaven, Keem, 2 or fewer absences: Daniel, Shammod, Josh Smith CURRENT GRADE BREAKDOWN A/B students are currently: Reggie, Juan, Jeaven, Jess, Kelsha, Christian, Brandon Several others have a shot at a B THE Only Fs belong to students with 4+ absences. BE HERE!!!!

4th Quarter Keys to Success: SWARM Strive for Excellence Work Collaboratively Arrive on Time Ready to Learn Maximize Opportunities Some of you will receive contracts. I expect study guide completion and tutoring attendance from everyone below a 78. WE CAN DO THIS

In your Interactive Notebook: Unit 3 - Lesson 3 Investigating Crimes: Police, Sheriffs, & other Law Enforcement Lesson 1 Performance Task: Students distinguish between the roles and jurisdictions of varying law enforcement agencies. Class Website: www.mrggcivivcs.weebly.com DEADLINES & HOMEWORK: Unit 2 make ups & Test Corrections: By _WED 3/25 Performance Task Deadlines: Vocab Quizzes Lessons 1-3: Wednesday Lessons 4-5: Thursday Unit 3 Quiz / Test: Friday, March 20th

Who “enforces” the law? Each law enforcement agencies has a different jurisdiction Local / city police – investigate crimes & maintain order within the CITY Chief of police is appointed by the Mayor & City Council County Sheriff – responsible for: Unincorporated areas of Durham County County buildings: schools, court house, etc. Sheriff is ELECTED by Durham county voters State Police State highways & interstates State buildings: courts, legislature

Who “enforces” the law? State Bureau of Investigation (SBI) Helps local police and sheriff’s Analyzes DNA evidence Original jurisdiction over: Drug investigations Arson investigations Election law violations Child sexual abuse in day cares Theft/misuse of state property Computer crimes against children

Who “enforces” the law? Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Can assist state law enforcement agencies Original jurisdiction over: Terrorist threats & attacks Killings of state law-enforcement officers White collar crime / fraud Identity theft, money laundering, etc. Organized crime (gangs, the mob, etc.) National/ international drug trafficking Civil rights violations by state governments Government corruption Director is appointed by President & confirmed by the Senate

Law enforcement officials MUST RESPECT: Rule of law Follow & respect due process & correct police procedures Independent judiciary Law enforcement: Gathers evidence makes arrests Prosecutors decide what to charge a defendant with Courts & juries determine guilt/non-guilt

While investigating… Police are required to follow the constitution 4th amendment: cannot conduct search without warrant or probable cause 5th amendment: cannot force a suspect to confess 6th amendment: Must tell a suspect what they are arrested for cannot prevent suspect from having access to a lawyer IF POLICE FAIL to respect the constitution? Case should get thrown out This is NOT designed to cut suspects a break. It is designed to keep police honest & limit government power

The role of Police Gather evidence Physical evidence: finger prints, DNA, foot prints, weapons matching, etc. Witnesses & interviews: eye witnesses; corroborating witnesses; establishing motive Get arrest warrant: once police have enough evidence to make an arrest, they ask a judge to sign an arrest warrant. State judges available at all times to sign warrants Must have warrant or probable cause to make an arrest

The role of Police Make arrest & inform suspect of the charge & his/her Miranda rights Extradition (IF NECESSARY): If a person is wanted for a crime here, and they are caught in Mexico, Mexico will send them back to the U.S. for trial. States have extradition agreements too: New Jersey police will arrest wanted for a crime in Georgia, and extradite them back to GA

The role of Prosecutors Prosecutor – lawyer for the government Uses evidence gathered by police to try and prove a person is guilty of the crime they are accused of Pre-Trial Steps a prosecutor must take: Review the evidence & decide if there is enough to charge the suspect with a crime Determine appropriate charge & issue indictment is the evidence consistent with 1st or 2nd degree murder? Manslaughter? Indictment in some states requires grand jury; in NC it does not

The role of Prosecutors Pre-Trial Steps a prosecutor must take: Arraignment / initial hearing Suspect goes before judge to hear official charge Prosecutor recommends for or against bail; judge decides Discovery – government must share all of the evidence it plans to use with the defendant/ defense attorney Physical evidence, witnesses, etc. Plea-Bargaining Prosecutor decides whether or not to offer a deal for a guilty plea Defendants may admit guilt & skip a trial in exchange for a reduced sentence Not guilty plea – defendant will go to trial

North Carolina State Court System ALL NC Judges / Justice are ELECTED NC District Court Trial court; original jurisdiction Judge only; no jury NC Superior Court Trial court; Original jurisdiction Jury trials NC Court of Appeals 15 judges Appellate jurisdiction NC Supreme Court 7 justices

Activity Imagine a crime of your choice Develop a cartoon that shows the pre-trial steps taken by law enforcement (police and prosecutors) in investigating the crime and issuing the charge Grading Criteria: Cartoon must include At least 3 steps taken by police At least 3 steps taken by prosecutors

Practice: Constructed Response Respond to this prompt in complete sentences. You will have 6 minutes to complete the prompt. On Thursday, police received an anonymous tip that Francis is a drug dealer. On Monday morning, they raided Francis’ apartment looking for drugs. During the search, police found two kilos of cocaine and 3 unregistered semi-automatic weapons. Police did not have a search warrant at the time of the raid. Francis is arrested and charged with illegal gun possession and intent to distribute illegal narcotics. Using your knowledge of the constitution and the U.S. legal system, what constitutional issues will make it hard for prosecutors to convict Francis? Give an example of a different scenario in which police could have entered Francis’ home and conducted a search without a warrant.