Changing Attitudes and Values Unit 5 Section 5 A Changing World Essential Standards: Analyze the effects of industrialism & urbanization on social and economic reform and how economic crisis contributed to the growth of various political & economic movements. I can: understand how industrialization and urbanization both benefited and hindered economies, the environment, societies, politics, and people.
What Values Shaped the New Social Order? Books, magazines, & popular songs supported a cult of domesticity that idealized women & the home. Did not apply to lower classes. Children “seen but not heard.”
Rights for Women Temperance mvt, a campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages. Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony, campaigned to abolish slavery. In the mid- to late 1800s, groups dedicated to women’s suffrage emerged. Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 called for women’s right to vote. Sojourner Truth was an African American suffragist. Julia Brainerd Hall & her brother Charles Hall developed an aluminum-producing process.
Growth in Public Education public schools & require basic education for all children. Gov’ts began to expand secondary schools. By the 1840s, a few small colleges for women opened (Bedford College in England & Mount Holyoke in the US.) Only middle class families could afford to have their sons to attend school. Middle class girls went to school in hopes they might marry well. Colleges & universities expanded during this period.
New Directions in Science John Dalton: atomic theory. (1869) Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev: periodic table. Charles Darwin (On the Origins of Species) put forward the theory of natural selection (survival of the fittest). Social Darwinism: applied Darwin’s idea of survival of the fittest to war & economic competition. It encouraged racism, the belief that one racial group is superior to another. Industrial success was do to the success of the white race. (white man’s burden)
Religion in an Urban Age Religious leaders influenced political, social, and educational developments. Religious organizations provided social services to the poor. The social gospel was a mvt. that urged Christians to social service. By 1878, William & Catherine Booth set up the Salvation Army in London.
LITERATURE: A New Culture Art: Romanticism Emphasis on reason: glorified nature & sought to excite strong emotions in their audiences. youth. J.M.W. Turner captured the beauty & power of nature. LITERATURE: Lord Byron: romantic hero in his poetry. They often hid a guilty secret & faced a grim destiny. Johan Wolfgang von Goethe, wrote Faust: makes a deal w/the devil in exchanging for his soul. Charlotte Brontë wove a mysterious tale in Jane Eyre. Some writers combined history, legend & folklore. Alexandre Dumas:France’s past w/The Three Musketeers.
MUSIC: Ludwig van Beethoven (combined classical forms w/ a stirring range of sound.) Frederic Chopin Realism an attempt to represent the world as it was. focused on the harsh side of life in cities or villages. (English) Charles Dickens (Oliver Twist) vividly portrayed the lives of slum dwellers & factory workers. Les Miserables by Victor Hugo
The Visual Arts 1840s, photography, was emerging. In time, photographers used the camera to present the grim realities of life. 1870s, painters sought to capture the 1st fleeting impression made by a scene or an object on the viewer’s eye: impressionism. Claude Monet brushed strokes of color side by side w/out blending, the human eye would mix the colors. Later postimpressionists, developed a variety of styles. Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh used sharp brush lines & bright colors.