Romanticism vs. Realism

Romanticism Rebelled against Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason Wanted to inspire deep emotions An age of passion, rebellion, individuality, imagination, intuition, idealism, and creativity. Nature in the raw, wild state

Romanticism From the late 18th Century to the mid 19th Century. The Romantic hero (tragic hero) is a literary archetype referring to a character that rejects established norms and conventions, has been rejected by society, and has the self as the center of his or her own existence. ART: “Hannibal and His Army Crossing the Alps”; JMW Turner

Realism Attempted to present the world as it was Lacked the sentiment and emotion of romanticism Looked at harsh side of life which they wanted to improve

Realism 1850 to WWII ART: Realism, French, Jean-Francois Millet, 1814-1875, "The Gleaners," 1857

Alexander Dumas vs. Charles Dickens Birthplace: France Works: The Three Musketeers; The Count of Monte Cristo Technique: Romantic hero battles huge odds - emphasizes heroic past Birthplace: England Works: Oliver Twist, Tale of Two Cities Technique: portrays lives of slum dwellers and downtrodden - exposes ills of society

Painters

Eugene Delacroix vs. Gustave Courbet Birthplace: France Works: Landscapes, peasants & medieval knights Technique: wanted to capture beauty of nature & convey violent energy of emotion Birthplace:France Works: painted ordinary, working-class subjects Technique: wanted to portray the realities of the time & reject imagination

Partner Discussion What contemporary films or books could be labeled either romanticism or realism?

Communism & Capitalism

What is capitalism? Economic system. Believes in individual ownership and competition. The theory is that when everyone is selfish, it benefits everyone. Adam Smith is “the” capitalist.

What’s good about capitalism? Freedom, choice. You can work wherever, buy whatever, and pretty much do whatever. If you’re successful, you can be very successful. Think Bill Gates.

What’s bad about capitalism? No “safety net.” If you’re unsuccessful, you can be very unsuccessful. Think about the poor. Big gap between rich and poor.

What is communism? Economic system. Believes in collective (group) ownership and a planned economy. The theory is that everybody pools their resources and labor to evenly distribute everything. Karl Marx is “the” communist.

Marxism They believed they discovered an inevitable pattern Marx and Engels studied the history of the world’s economies Communism!!!! Socialism Capitalism They believed they discovered an inevitable pattern Feudalism Basic Communism

Stage 1: Primitive Communism This is how humans lived together before the emergence of large-scale agriculture. Small hunting and gathering tribes Everything was shared amongst the tribe-food, jobs, belongings. No one owned land and no one is exploited for their labor. Eventually one group comes to power which leads to Feudalism…

Stage 2: Primitive Communism - Feudalism Under feudalism, a king becomes ruler over all the people. Exploitation begins. The people are kept uneducated and told that god chose the king to rule. (?) The king gives land and privileges to nobles who rule the people for him (?) As trade develops, some people get richer. This leads to Capitalism…

Stage 3: Feudalism - Capitalism Business owners or capitalists get richer while the workers do the work. Capitalists get more power to serve their own interests. Capitalism creates a large working-class of people who organize, create unions, and demand changes. This leads to Socialism…

Stage 4: Capitalism-Socialism In the Socialist revolution all the rulers lose power, wealth, and privilege. Workers take control of the country to produce things for everyone. No one is exploited. Nothing is made for profit therefore all people benefit. These ideas spread across the world to create Communism…

Stage 5: Socialism-Communism Capitalists will put up a fight but the will of the people will always win. Everyone now works together, war eliminated, and armies are obsolete. Everything is provided by the people so $ becomes a thing of the past. All human activity goes towards benefiting each other-allowing all to live their lives to the fullest.

Communism/Socialism: What’s the difference? Socialism is, “from each according to their ability, to each according to their DEEDS.” Socialism is the stage between Capitalism and Communism. It builds upon the previous system (Capitalism) by nationalizing the “means of production” (i.e. corporations, resources, banks, etc.), but not by making everyone equal. People are paid wages based on several factors (social need, difficulty, amount of schooling required, etc.), so not everyone will make the same wage. Communism is “from each according to their ability to each according to their NEEDS.”

What’s good about communism? Security, basic needs met. Everyone would have a job, house, health care, etc.

What’s bad about communism? Lack of choice No reward for being a better worker or punishment for being a slacker. Everyone expected to be the same.