How environment affects patterns of gene expression Epigenetics How environment affects patterns of gene expression

What is epigenetics? Genes are turned on or off as a result of illness, diet, or changes in the environment The reason identical twins are different May play a role in mental illness These patterns of gene expression can be changed before the child is born And can even be passed down from parent to child. How a mother eats while pregnant affects the genes in her unborn child AND her grandchild!

Genetic Engineering Restriction enzymes are used to cut sections of DNA from one organism and place them into another Recombinant DNA – the name for the DNA that contains genes from more than one organism Transgenic Organism - organism has foreign DNA Gene therapy – a potential treatment for genetic disorders that involves replacing the defective gene with one that works.

Other uses of genetic engineering Bt Corn Bacteria that make human insulin Cows that produce human protein in their milk Goats that make silk in their milk Glow in the dark cats and pigs Pigs that grow bigger, but have less fat Manufacturing of vaccines Tomatoes that resist bruising and spoilage