ANOTHER AGE OF REFORM Objective: To define progressivism and identify how it manifested itself on the local & state level by looking at the goals & actions of progressives

ROOTS AND GOALS OF PROGRESSIVISM CONTINUATION OF POST CIVIL WAR RESPONSE TO INDUSTRIALIZATION “THE SEARCH FOR ORDER” “STATUS REVOLUTION” “TO USE GOVERNMENT AS AN AGENCY OF HUMAN WELFARE” CONTROL CORPORATIONS CLEANSE GOVERNMENT CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY IMPROVE SOCIETY ELIMINATE INFLUENCE OF SPECIAL INTERESTS

THE PROGRESSIVE MIND *DIVERSE MOVEMENT *SENSE OF NEW SOCIAL POSSIBILITIES *PARTICIPATE IN IMPROVING SOCIETY WITHOUT BEING RADICAL *AGE OF ORGANIZATION *T. VEBLEN “THEORY OF THE LEISURE CLASS” 1899 *J.W. TAYLOR & SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT *W. JAMES *JOHN DEWEY – SCHOOLS ENGINES OF SOCIAL CHANGE *O.W. HOLMES–“THE COMMON LAW” 1881 *ASHCAN ARTISTS *LAISSEZ FAIRE OBSOLETE *FOCUS ON MANY & VARIED AREAS

MUCKRAKERS: BRINGING THE MOVEMENT INTO FOCUS EXPOSE TACTICS & POLICIES OF INDUSTRIALISTS I. TARBELL- STANDARD OIL L. STEFFENS - THE SHAME OF THE CITIES U. SINCLAIR THE JUNGLE 1906 IMMORAL INDUSTRIALISTS MATERIALISTIC MINISTERS LACKY LAWYERS INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM McCLURE’S, COLLIER’S MAGAZINES SPENT $$$ ON FACT CHECKING BEFORE PUBLISHING MUCKRAKERS: BRINGING THE MOVEMENT INTO FOCUS

LOCAL POLITICS ABOLISH CORRUPTION & INEFFICIENCY IN GOVERNMENT RID LOCAL GOVERN- MENT OF BOSSES – TWEED, SULLIVAN - NY & RUEF, SAN FRAN CHANGE URBAN POLITICAL INSTITUTION OF GOV’T CITY MANAGER SYSTEM: TX NON- PARTISAN, PAID EMPLOYEE ELECTION OF PROGRESSIVE MAYORS LOCAL POLITICS

STATE LEGISLATURES RURAL & OLD BOYS CLUB SO, REFORM HERE TOO WISCONSIN IDEA – ‘FIGHTING BOB La FOLLETTE’ – GOV. 1900 DIRECT PRIMARY, LTD. LOBBYING & CAMPAIGN EXPENDITURES, FOUGHT RR & TIMBER INTERESTS, GRADUATED INCOME TAX USE OF ‘EXPERTS’ FROM UNIV. WISC. MADISON PEOPLE WILL ALWAYS DO THE RIGHT THING IF PROPERLY INFORMED OTHER STATES FOLLOWED STATE LEVEL POLITICS

SOCIAL LEGISLATION ON THE STATE LEVEL URBAN PROBLEMS ADDRESSED LONG BEFORE PROGRESSIVES IMPACT MINIMAL UNTIL 1900 1905 LOCHNER V. NY – SUPREME COURT DECLARES NY 10 HOUR LAW FOR BAKERS UNCONSTITUTIONAL 1908 MUELLER V. OREGON – S.C. UPHOLDS 10 HOUR DAY FOR WOMEN LAUNDRESSES BRANDEIS BRIEF 1911 TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE ACCIDENT INSURANCE, BLDG. CODES INSTITUTED CHILD LABOR LAWS: LAX WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE – 17 STATES ALLOWWED WOMEN TO VOTE BY 1918 SOCIAL LEGISLATION ON THE STATE LEVEL