Summary of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

Activation of Glucose for Biosynthesis The nucleotide labels are used to mark sugars set aside for biosynthetic process

Formation of NDP-glucose NTP + Glucose-1-phosphate NDP-Glucose + PPi (pyrophosphorylase)

Hydrolysis of Pyrophosphate -Provides the energy that shifts the equilibrium to the right

Glycogen Synthesis

Production of Milk and Lactose For antibody production -Galactosyl transferase and -Lactoalbumin are components of lactose synthase

Synthesis of Sucrose

Regulation of Carbohydrates

cAMP-dependent Protein kinase Conversion to ‘a’ is positively modulated by Glu-6-Phosphate

Phosphofructokinase

Substrate Cycles Reaction leads to production of heat from ATP hydrolysis -If both enzymes were to be active at the same time? Net Reaction: ATP + H2O ADP + Pi + Heat