Periodic table and protons, Neutrons, and electrons

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Presentation transcript:

Periodic table and protons, Neutrons, and electrons The periodic table is a chart containing information about the atoms that make up all matter. An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom. The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus.

Periodic table and protons, Neutrons, and electrons……cont. Different atoms of the same element can have a different number of neutrons. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called “isotopes” of that element. The atomic mass of an element is the average mass of the different isotopes of the element. The atoms in the periodic table are arranged to show characteristics and relationships between atoms and groups of atoms.

Atoms have three basic parts

What does an atom look like? Protons and neutrons are held together rather closely in the center of the atom. Together they make up the nucleus, which accounts for nearly all of the mass of the atom. Electrons move rapidly around the nucleus and constitute almost the entire volume of the atom. Although quantum mechanics are necessary to explain the motion of an electron about the nucleus, we can say that the distribution of electrons about an atom is such that the atom has a spherical shape.

What holds an atom together? The negatively charged electron is attracted to the positively charged nucleus by a Coulombic attraction. The protons and neutrons are held together in the nucleus by the strong nuclear force.

How many electrons, protons and neutrons are contained in an atom? Atoms in their natural state have no charge, that is they are neutral. Therefore, in a neutral atom the number of protons and electrons are the same. If this condition changes the atom has a positive or negative charge and is called an ion. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the identity of the atom. For example all carbon atoms contain six protons, all gold atoms contain 79 protons, all lead atoms contain 82 protons. Two atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Which means elements can actually have different Atomic Masses!

Protons Adding or removing protons from the nucleus changes the charge of the nucleus and changes that atom's Atomic Number. So, adding or removing protons from the nucleus changes what element that atom is! For example, adding a proton to the nucleus of an atom of hydrogen creates an atom of helium (it increases the Atomic Number by 1)

NEXT Class Pick your favorite element/atom to draw so bring color pencils or markers etc. HOMEWORK: You will need to find out the # of electrons your [favorite] element has so you can draw it accurately. I will help you with your drawing but you need to bring this information. Also, Who/When it was discovered. TEST REVIEW!!!! Test Next Monday.