Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology Atmosphere–vegetation–soil interactions in a climate change context; impact of changing conditions on engineered transport infrastructure slopes in Europe by A. M. Tang, P. N. Hughes, T. A. Dijkstra, A. Askarinejad, M. Brenčič, Y. J. Cui, J. J. Diez, T. Firgi, B. Gajewska, F. Gentile, G. Grossi, C. Jommi, F. Kehagia, E. Koda, H. W. ter Maat, S. Lenart, S. Lourenco, M. Oliveira, P. Osinski, S. M. Springman, R. Stirling, D. G. Toll, and V. Van Beek Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology Volume 51(2):156-168 May 1, 2018 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London

Schematic view of the soil–vegetation–atmosphere interactions (modified from Vardon 2015). A. M. Tang et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51:156-168 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London

Observed temperature change (1976–2006) (from EEA 2009). A. M. Tang et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51:156-168 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London

Projected temperature and precipitation changes for the period 2071–2100 compared with 1971–2000 based on an ensemble of regional climate model simulations provided by the EURO-CORDEX initiative (from EEA 2015b). Projected temperature and precipitation changes for the period 2071–2100 compared with 1971–2000 based on an ensemble of regional climate model simulations provided by the EURO-CORDEX initiative (from EEA 2015b). A. M. Tang et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51:156-168 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London

European Union regional climate change and the potential consequences for slope failure. A. M. Tang et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51:156-168 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London

Results from an infiltration test (using the double ring infiltrometer), conducted during the design phase of the Lešnica–Kronovo highway in Slovenia. Results from an infiltration test (using the double ring infiltrometer), conducted during the design phase of the Lešnica–Kronovo highway in Slovenia. A. M. Tang et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51:156-168 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London

Water droplet (diameter c Water droplet (diameter c. 6 mm) resting on a layer of air-dried water-repellent soils from Madeira Island (samples collected after a wildfire in September 2011). Water droplet (diameter c. 6 mm) resting on a layer of air-dried water-repellent soils from Madeira Island (samples collected after a wildfire in September 2011). A. M. Tang et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51:156-168 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London

Values for ϕa and ϕb related to degree of saturation for two tropical soils: filled symbols, Kiunyu Gravel (Toll 1990); open symbols, Jurong soil (Toll & Ong 2003). Values for ϕa and ϕb related to degree of saturation for two tropical soils: filled symbols, Kiunyu Gravel (Toll 1990); open symbols, Jurong soil (Toll & Ong 2003). A. M. Tang et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51:156-168 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London

Evolution of actual evaporation rate and suction gradient between soil surface and 77 mm depth during an evaporation experiment on Fontainebleau sand (Song et al. 2013). Evolution of actual evaporation rate and suction gradient between soil surface and 77 mm depth during an evaporation experiment on Fontainebleau sand (Song et al. 2013). A. M. Tang et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51:156-168 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London

Relationship between root tensile strength (TR) and root diameter (D) (modified from Mattia et al. 2005). Relationship between root tensile strength (TR) and root diameter (D) (modified from Mattia et al. 2005). A. M. Tang et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51:156-168 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London