Building Capacity on Protected Areas Law & Governance Exercise 2 Understanding Basic Protected Area Concepts Picture: Monteverde cloud forest reserve in Costa Rica Copyright: IUCN Photo Library / © Gillian Eborn Introduction to the Course, Law & PAs

Background Purpose Structure Promote an understanding of basic Protected Area concepts amongst Learners from non-PA backgrounds Provide an opportunity for you to reflect on the above concepts through a case study Structure Introduction to Exercise (10 minutes) Small Group Work (50 minutes) Joint Class Discussion (20 minutes) Consolidation (10 minutes) NOTES FOR EDUCATOR Briefly explain the Purpose of the Exercise. Briefly explain the Structure of the Exercise.

The Case Study: Lagoon Bay Area NOTES FOR EDUCATOR Briefly introduce the Case Study to the Learners as follows: The Case Study concerns an area situated in the country of Utopia in the region of Paradisia. The area is a coastal, lagoon area of exceptional natural beauty and it contains several threatened species. The Lagoon Bay area can be divided into four main areas: Western area - which comprises of a small settlement. In recent times the area has gained in popularity with holiday-makers and development pressure is increasing. Central area - which comprises of largely intact natural areas such as an internationally important wetland, dune systems and grasslands. Eastern area - which is inhabited by a local indigenous community known as the Utopians. They harvest marine resources from the lagoon and guard a culturally and significant area - the sacred rocks. Harvesting takes place in terms of strictly observed customary rules. The coastal waters - marine resources are harvested not only by the Utopians but also be recreational fishers and commercial enterprises. The surrounding area is characterised by agricultural activity which is also on the increase. There are several laws and several government institutions which play a role in regulating the area. Indicate to the Learners that they will be required to answer a series of questions about the Case Study in their group. Indicate that you will provide a brief overview of the most important aspects of the Seminar Presentation for purposes of the Exercise.

maintain biodiversity ecological resilience Importance & Value Importance? value nature people maintain biodiversity ecosystem services areas of refuge cultural provisioning ecological resilience regulating supporting NOTES FOR EDUCATOR Highlight the Importance and Value of PAs both for nature and for people and indicate that the benefits for nature and people are interrelated. climate change mitigation adaptation

Threats to Protected Areas Urban expansion War & conflict Habitat loss Alien species Inappropriate land/sea use On-site development Off-site development Unsustainable resource use Off-site pollution On-site pollution Natural events Off-site natural events Illegal activities Climate change NOTES FOR EDUCATOR Remind Learners that PA face a myriad of Threats which are interrelated and may be direct or indirect. Direct Threats Indirect Threats

Management Principles Ecosystem Approach Precautionary Approach Connectivity Reflect in PA law Planning Management by Conservation Objectives NOTES FOR EDUCATOR Remind Learners of the best practice Management Principles for PAs that should be reflected in PA law. Managing for Particular Threats

IUCN Management Categories NOTES FOR EDUCATOR Remind Learners that the IUCN has over time developed a series of Management Categories, each of which have particular objectives and can accommodate different types of uses and levels of intervention, ranging from strict protection to sustainable resource use.

Institutions & Stakeholders National Institutions State Actors Ministries Statutory Bodies Departments national sub-national Non-State Actors Private Landowners NGOs NOTES FOR EDUCATOR Remind Learners that there are a series of Institutions and Stakeholders that may be relevant in the context of PAs. Indigenous Peoples Corporations Local Communities

PA Pratitioner Perspective Quality of Governance “Good Governance”? PA Pratitioner Perspective PA Lawyer Perspective legitimacy & voice public participation direction transparency performance predictability NOTES FOR EDUCATOR Remind Learners that there are an array of legal tools (such as those facilitating access to information, public participation, social equity and access to justice) which can aid in achieving recognised principles of Good Governance in the context of PAs. accountability equity fairness & rights justice

The Questions What particular threats to the ecosystem can you identify? What would be the value of declaring Lagoon Bay as a Protected Area? What objectives might be of relevance to a Protected Area such as Lagoon Bay? What might be an appropriate management category for Lagoon Bay Protected Area? Provide reasons for your answer. What are the key principles that should underpin and inform management of Lagoon Bay Protected Area? What institutions and other role-players are relevant in the Lagoon Bay context and how might they be relevant? What steps can the relevant government institutions take & what tools could they use, to promote good governance? NOTES FOR EDUCATOR Briefly introduce the Exercise Questions.