Thomas Jefferson, after visiting France in the 1780s Of twenty millions of people supposed to be in France, I am of opinion there are nineteen millions more wretched, more accursed in every circumstance of human existence than the most conspicuously wretched individual of the whole United States. Thomas Jefferson, after visiting France in the 1780s

The French Estates (Social Classes) The 1st Estate Roman Catholic clergy – 1% of the population Rich, paid no taxes The 2nd Estate Nobility – 2% of the population Rich, paid little to no taxes The 3rd Estate 97% of the population Very poor (mostly), paid heavy taxes and a 10% tithe

In notebook, Sketch Write a caption

Revolution Defined  A change  The overthrow of one government and its replacement with another. “The revolution is not an apple that falls when it is ripe. You have to make it fall.” - Ernesto "Che" Guevara

Causes of the French Revolution Extreme wealth (1st and 2nd estates) vs. extreme poverty (3rd estate) Corrupt tax system Extravagant government spending Taxation without true representation Enlightenment philosophies

Key Personalities of the Monarchy Louis XV “After me, the deluge.” Louis XVI Increased debts, tried to impose heavier taxes Marie-Antoinette Austrian wife of Louis XVI, big spender

The Estates General Meets in May 1789 3rd Estate declares itself the National Assembly 3rd Estate takes the “Tennis Court Oath”

Bastille Prison Stormed and Captured – July 14,1789 (French Independence Day)

Declaration of the Rights of Man August 1789 Granted freedom of speech, press, and religion Universal male suffrage

The French Constitution of 1791 Greatly limited power of the king Split govt. into 3 branches

The National Convention (1792) Ended monarchy, established a republic Ruled for 3 years Executed Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette Confronted a counter-revolution

The Reign of Terror (1793-1794) Led by Robespierre and Danton Over 16,000 executed by guillotine Robespierre executed in July 1794

The Directory Lasts 4 years (1795-1799) Executive branch = committee of 5 “directors” Sets the stage for a military dictatorship (Napoleon)

Napoleon Military general 1795-99 Took control of France in 1799 French Revolution ended with return to dictatorship

Homework Read Chapter 7, Sections 1 and 2 (pp. 216-228) In well-crafted paragraphs: --Answer question 8 on p. 221 --Answer question 6 on p. 227 --Answer quest. 1, 2, and 3 on p. 228 Do your work on p. 108-9