Carbonates and Nitrates

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Presentation transcript:

Carbonates and Nitrates

CaCO3,, Calcite CaMg(CO3)2 Dolomite CaFe(CO3)2 Ankerite MgCO3, Magnesite FeCO3, Siderite Molecular %

Calcite group minerals CaCO3, Calcite MgCO3, Magnesite FeCO3, Siderite ZnCO3, Smithsonite MnCO3, Rhodochrosite CaCO3, Calcite FeCO3, Siderite Hexagonal _ Space group R32/c Hexagonal Point group: 32/m c Cations in 6-fold coordination

Dolomite-group minerals CaMg(CO3)2, Dolomite CaFe(CO3)2, Ankerite CaMn(CO3)2, Kutnahorite Hexagonal _ Space group R3 c Cations in 6-fold coordination

Crystals of minerals of the calcite group

Aragonite group minerals Cations in 9-fold coordination CaCO3, Aragonite CaCO3, aragonite BaCO3, witherite SrCO3,strontianite PbCO3,cerrusite c Orthorhombic Space group Pmcn

Crystals of minerals of the aragonite group Cyclic twins: combinations of pseudohexagonal prisms and dipyramids Combinations of orthorhombic prisms and dipyramids Crystals of minerals of the aragonite group

Reconstructive phase transition

calcite

calcite

calcite Double refractions twinning Double refraction Twinning in “dog tooth spar”

magnesite

siderite

smithsonite

rhodochrosite

aragonite aragonite twins

Aragonite shells

witherite

strontianite

cerrusite Cerrusite twins

dolomite

Il Dolomiti, The Dolomites of northern Italy

ankerite

Monoclinic carbonates malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2 azurite Cu3(CO3)(OH)2

malachite

malachite b Cu(O,OH)6 edge-sharing octahedra forming chains. The three dots represent carbonate groups. a

azurite

azurite c Chains of CuO2(OH)4 and CuO4(OH)4 octahedra linked by edge-sharing. Chains are cross linked by carbonate groups (in red). b

Nitrates nitratite (soda niter) NaNO3 – isostructural with calcite niter (saltpeter) KNO3 – isostructural with aragonite

nitratie

Niter (saltpeter)