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Today’s Quiz of the Month Intercepts and TFRs

Presentation Today’s discussion is based on a presentation submitted by Karen Kalishek Green Bay, WI EAA/IMC Club Leader Presentation

Intercepts & TFRs How many types of TFRs are in CFR 91? Five Eight Fifteen One hundred thirty two

Intercepts & TFRs How many types of TFRs are in CFR 91? Five Eight Fifteen One hundred thirty two

Intercepts & TFRs How many types of TFRs are in CFR 91? 91.137, TFR in the Vicinity of Disaster/Hazard Areas - to protect persons or property, on the ground or in the air, from a specific hazard 91.137a(2): to provide a safe environment for the operation of disaster relief aircraft. Unlike most other TFRs, restrictions might not be circular in shape. 91.137a(3): to prevent the unsafe congestion of sightseeing aircraft above disaster/hazard incidents of limited duration, such as aircraft accident sites 91.138 Temporary Flight Restrictions in National Disaster Areas in the State of Hawaii. 91.141 Flight Restrictions in the Proximity of the Presidential and Other Parties. 91.143 Flight Limitations in the Proximity of Space Flight Operations.

Intercepts & TFRs How many types of TFRs are in CFR 91? 91.145 Management of Aircraft Operations in the Vicinity of Aerial Demonstrations and Major Sporting Events. For aerial demonstrations, the TFR will normally be limited to a five NM radius up to 17,000 MSL (or 13,000 feet AGL for parachute demonstrations). For sporting events, the TFR will normally be limited to a three NM radius and 2,500 feet AGL.

Intercepts & TFRs How many types of TFRs are in CFR 91? 99.7 Special Security Instructions - allows the FAA to issue specific restrictions in the interest of national security. A standing notice under 99.7 advises pilots to avoid the airspace above, or in proximity to, sites such as nuclear power plants, power plants, dams, refineries, industrial complexes, military installations, and other similar facilities. 99.7 is also the basis for restrictions around certain sporting facilities (the “Sports NOTAM”). Except for limited cases, aircraft and parachute operations are prohibited at and below 3,000 feet AGL within three NM of any stadium having a seating capacity of 30,000 or more people in which specified major sporting events are taking place. Restrictions are in effect one hour prior scheduled time of the event until one hour after the end. Restrictions issued under section 99.7 may vary dramatically in size, and there is no standard configuration.

Approximately how many TFR violations occur in the U.S. each year? Intercepts & TFRs 100 300 500 1000

Approximately how many TFR violations occur in the U.S. each year? Intercepts & TFRs 100 300 500 (source: AOPA 2015) 1000

Approximately how many TFR violations occur in the U.S. each year? Intercepts & TFRs About one every six hours (source: NORAD presentation)

In which of the following ways could you be punished for violating a TFR? Intercepts & TFRs Criminally Pilot certificate suspension Pilot certificate revocation Civil penalty All of the above

In which of the following ways could you be punished for violating a TFR? Intercepts & TFRs Criminally Pilot certificate suspension Pilot certificate revocation Civil penalty All of the above

In which of the following ways could you be punished for violating a TFR? Intercepts & TFRs Criminally - you can be criminally punished up to a maximum of one year in federal prison and a $100,000 fine Pilot certificate suspension Pilot certificate revocation Civil penalty - you can receive a civil penalty by itself or on-top of the $100,000 fine All of the above

You could be charged with multiple violations for one flight. Intercepts & TFRs 14 CFR 91.103  requires conducting a pre-flight check of all available information before a flight Example: A pilot was charged with a violation of both 91.103 & 91.137 Temporary Flight Restrictions in the Vicinity of Disaster/Hazard Areas, for the same flight by the FAA. There were only two options: either the pilot did NOT check for TFRs (a violation of the FARs) or the pilot did check and intentionally went into the TFR (a violation of federal criminal code)

Intercepts & TFRs Presidential TFR’s

Intercepts & TFRs A “Typical” Presidential TFR Altitude ??? Surface Inner Zone ??NM Outer Zone Surface Altitude ???

Intercepts & TFRs A “Typical” Presidential TFR Altitude FL 180 Surface Inner Zone 20NM Outer Zone 60NM Surface Altitude FL 180

Inner Zone Intercepts & TFRs Outer Zone Where can I Operate? Generally speaking, you may not operate within the inner zone. Outer Zone Operations in the outer zone are subject to several conditions. You must be on an IFR or VFR flight plan. You must be in radio communications with ATC. You must be squawking a discrete transponder code. You must be conducting an approved operation. NOTE: This procedure seems to change, on occasion. Consult NOTAM’s and always get a briefing.

Intercepts & TFRs How do I enter the TFR? On the Ground: File a Flight Plan. Call Clearance Delivery, if available. Call Flight Services if CD is not available. Use an RCO if available. Use the phone if you must (call 1-866-295-3835). Squawk your discrete code before takeoff. Squawk your code until all the way to the ground. Close your flight plan!!!

Intercepts & TFRs How do I enter the TFR? Airborne: File a Flight Plan. Contact ATC prior to entry. ATC may pass you off to the controlling facility. Squawk your discrete code. Ensure you are RADAR identified before penetrating the outer area. Squawk your code all the way to the ground. Close your flight plan!!!

Intercepts & TFRs Plane That Caused Capitol Evacuation Reports by Alec Russell in Washington 12:05AM BST 09 Jul 2004 Intercepts & TFRs US Air Force jets were only minutes away from shooting down an aircraft carrying a senior politician after it entered restricted airspace over Washington (…). The senior general at the North American Aerospace Defense Command, or NORAD, was on the telephone and prepared to order an F16 fighter to bring down the aircraft after it crossed deep into a no-fly zone around Washington (…) He did not give the order because cloud cover initially prevented the fighter pilot from identifying the target, the officials said. The crisis was averted at the last minute when the aircraft turned to land at Reagan National Airport, (…). The Beechcraft was carrying Ernie Fletcher, the governor of Kentucky, to Ronald Reagan's funeral.

Intercept Procedures Intercepts & TFRs How do you know when you’ve been intercepted? What are your immediate actions? How to communicate? Intercept Procedures

What types of aircraft are used for intercepts? Have I been intercepted? Intercepts & TFRs What types of aircraft are used for intercepts? Military: fighter jets, helicopters Law Enforcement: business jets Signs of Intercept Official aircraft operating in your vicinity. Aircraft flying in formation with you. Aircraft dispensing flares.

What will the interceptor do initially during a night intercept and how should you respond? Intercepts & TFRs Interceptor – flash landing light; You – turn on landing light Interceptor – flash navigation lights; You – flash landing light Interceptor – turn on landing light; You – flash navigation lights

What will the interceptor do initially during a night intercept and how should you respond? Intercepts & TFRs Interceptor – flash landing light; You – turn on landing light Interceptor – flash navigation lights; You – flash landing light Interceptor – turn on landing light; You – flash navigation lights Interceptor – flash navigation lights; You – flash navigation lights

During a night intercept how will the interceptor approach your aircraft? Intercepts & TFRs Level at your altitude From above your flightpath From below your flightpath Level at your altitude, from your left

During a night intercept how will the interceptor approach your aircraft? Intercepts & TFRs Level at your altitude From above your flightpath From below your flightpath Level at your altitude, from your left

How many interceptors will be in your vicinity for the intercept, and how many will you typically see? Intercepts & TFRs One, one Two, two Two, one Three, two

How many interceptors will be in your vicinity for the intercept, and how many will you typically see? Intercepts & TFRs One, one Two, two Two, one Three, two

Who is responsible for safe separation during the intercept? Intercepts & TFRs The fighter pilot You – see & avoid ATC Military controllers

Who is responsible for safe separation during the intercept? Intercepts & TFRs The fighter pilot You – see & avoid ATC Military controllers

Intercept: Immediate Actions If you think you’ve been intercepted: Intercepts & TFRs Follow instruction from Intercepting Aircraft Instructions from Interceptor overrule instructions from ATC. Notify ATC Establish Communications with the aircraft If you are intercepted by a jet, and you’re flying a slow airplane, use best forward speed

Intercept: Immediate Actions If you think you’ve been intercepted: Intercepts & TFRs Should you use a special squawk code, and if so, what? Yes, 1201 Yes, 7777 Yes, 7700 No, do not change your transponder code

Intercept: Immediate Actions If you think you’ve been intercepted: Intercepts & TFRs Should you use a special squawk code, and if so, what? Yes, 1201 Yes, 7777 Yes, 7700 No, do not change your transponder code

Communications Methods Which of the following are ways that the interceptor will anticipate that you may communicate? (more than one) Intercepts & TFRs Voice communications on 122.2 Voice communications on 121.5 Voice communications on 243.0 Using ATC as an intermediary Using Morse code on 121.5 Flashing your landing light for ‘yes’ (1) and ‘no’ (2) Hand signs held up to the aircraft window Other visual communications

Communications Methods Which of the following are ways that the interceptor will anticipate that you may communicate? (more than one) Intercepts & TFRs Voice communications on 122.2 Voice communications on 121.5 Voice communications on 243.0 Using ATC as an intermediary Using Morse code on 121.5 Flashing your landing light for ‘yes’ (1) and ‘no’ (2) Hand signs held up to the aircraft window Other visual communications

Communications Methods Which of the following are ways that the interceptor will anticipate that you may communicate? (more than one) Intercepts & TFRs Voice communications on 122.2 Voice communications on 121.5 Voice communications on 243.0 Using ATC as an intermediary Using Morse code on 121.5 Flashing your landing light for ‘yes’ (1) and ‘no’ (2) Hand signs held up to the aircraft window Other visual communications

Communications Methods Which of the following are ways that the interceptor will anticipate that you may communicate? (more than one) Intercepts & TFRs Voice communications on 122.2 Voice communications on 121.5 Voice communications on 243.0 Using ATC as an intermediary Using Morse code on 121.5 Flashing your landing light for ‘yes’ (1) and ‘no’ (2) Hand signs held up to the aircraft window Other visual communications

Communications Methods Which of the following are ways that the interceptor will anticipate that you may communicate? (more than one) Intercepts & TFRs Voice communications on 122.2 Voice communications on 121.5 Voice communications on 243.0 Using ATC as an intermediary Using Morse code on 121.5 Flashing your landing light for ‘yes’ (1) and ‘no’ (2) Hand signs held up to the aircraft window Other visual communications

Communications Methods Which of the following are ways that the interceptor will anticipate that you may communicate? (more than one) Intercepts & TFRs Voice communications on 122.2 Voice communications on 121.5 Voice communications on 243.0 Using ATC as an intermediary Using Morse code on 121.5 Flashing your landing light for ‘yes’ (1) and ‘no’ (2) Hand signs held up to the aircraft window Other visual communications

Visual Communications What does it mean when the intercepting aircraft rocks its wings from a position slightly above and ahead of, and normally to the left of, the intercepted aircraft? Intercepts & TFRs Descend You have been intercepted. Follow Me. Land at the airport below Communicate with me

Visual Communications What does it mean when the intercepting aircraft rocks its wings from a position slightly above and ahead of, and normally to the left of, the intercepted aircraft? Intercepts & TFRs Descend You have been intercepted. Follow Me. Land at the airport below Communicate with me

Visual Communications When you have been intercepted, how should you respond? (more than one) Intercepts & TFRs Turn 180 degrees to exit the airspace Immediately descend Rock your wings Follow the interceptor

Visual Communications When you have been intercepted, how should you respond? (more than one) Intercepts & TFRs Turn 180 degrees to exit the airspace Immediately descend Rock your wings Follow the interceptor

Visual Communications What does it mean when the intercepting aircraft abruptly executes a break-away maneuver from the intercepted aircraft consisting of a climbing turn of 90 degrees or more without crossing the line of flight of the intercepted aircraft.? Intercepts & TFRs Intercept over – you may proceed I am moving into a position to fire We are not receiving your radio transmissions

Visual Communications What does it mean when the intercepting aircraft abruptly executes a break-away maneuver from the intercepted aircraft consisting of a climbing turn of 90 degrees or more without crossing the line of flight of the intercepted aircraft.? Intercepts & TFRs Intercept over – you may proceed I am moving into a position to fire We are not receiving your radio transmissions

Visual Communications How do you respond when the intercepting aircraft executes a break-away maneuver? Intercepts & TFRs Begin breathing again Rock your wings to acknowledge Land at the nearest airport and anticipate being met by law enforcement Continue on course

Visual Communications How do you respond when the intercepting aircraft executes a break-away maneuver? Intercepts & TFRs Begin breathing again Rock your wings to acknowledge Land at the nearest airport and anticipate being met by law enforcement Continue on course

Visual Communications When the interceptor circles an airport, lowering landing gear overflying runway in direction of landing, how do you respond? (more than one) Intercepts & TFRs Flash your landing light randomly Lower your gear (if retractable) Overfly the runway Rock your wings If the runway is safe, land

Visual Communications When the interceptor circles an airport, lowering landing gear overflying runway in direction of landing, how do you respond? (more than one) Intercepts & TFRs Flash your landing light randomly Lower your gear (if retractable) Overfly the runway Rock your wings If the runway is safe, land

Visual Communications When the interceptor circles an airport, lowering landing gear overflying runway in direction of landing, how do you respond? (more than one) Intercepts & TFRs Flash your landing light randomly Lower your gear (if retractable) Overfly the runway Rock your wings If the runway is safe, land

Visual Communications When the interceptor circles an airport, lowering landing gear overflying runway in direction of landing, how do you respond? (more than one) Intercepts & TFRs Flash your landing light randomly Lower your gear (if retractable) Overfly the runway Rock your wings If the runway is safe, land

Visual Communications If you can’t land at that airport Intercepts & TFRs Raise your landing gear (if retractable) Continue to circle the landing surface and… ?

Visual Communications If you can’t land at that airport Intercepts & TFRs Flash landing lights while passing over the landing surface at more than ___ ft but not exceeding ___ ft AGL 800, 1500 1000 , 2000 1250 , 1800 750 , 1750

Visual Communications If you can’t land at that airport Intercepts & TFRs Flash landing lights while passing over the landing surface at more than ___ ft but not exceeding ___ ft AGL 800, 1500 1000 , 2000 1250 , 1800 750 , 1750

Visual Communications What if you cannot comply with a request? Intercepts & TFRs Rock your wings in a regular pattern Rock your wings in an irregular pattern Flash all light in an irregular pattern Flash all lights in a regular pattern

Visual Communications What if you cannot comply with a request? Intercepts & TFRs Rock your wings in a regular pattern Rock your wings in an irregular pattern Flash all light in an irregular pattern Flash all lights in a regular pattern

Visual Communications What if you are in distress? Intercepts & TFRs Pitch up and down in a regular pattern Rock your wings in an irregular pattern Flash all light in an irregular pattern Flash all lights in a regular pattern

Visual Communications What if you are in distress? Intercepts & TFRs Pitch up and down in a regular pattern Rock your wings in an irregular pattern Flash all light in an irregular pattern Flash all lights in a regular pattern

Visual Communications What does it mean and what should you do if the interceptor initiates an abrupt turn across your nose and dispenses flares? Intercepts & TFRs Warning! Turn around 180 degrees immediately Warning! Descend immediately Warning! Turn now in direction of fighter Warning! Proceed to the nearest airport

Visual Communications What does it mean and what should you do if the interceptor initiates an abrupt turn across your nose and dispenses flares? Intercepts & TFRs Warning! Turn around 180 degrees immediately Warning! Descend immediately Warning! Turn now in direction of fighter Warning! Proceed to the nearest airport

Get a briefing before EVERY flight!!! Disclaimer The information contained in this presentation may become obsolete. Your presenter, while well meaning, may provide you with an incomplete or wrong information. Intercepts & TFRs Get a briefing before EVERY flight!!! 1-800-WX-BRIEF

Intercepts & TFRs Thank you!