Types of Stress that cause Earthquakes

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Presentation transcript:

Types of Stress that cause Earthquakes Chapter 8

What is an Earthquake? An Earthquake is the vibrations produced when a rock snaps and breaks under different types of stress.

Types of Stress Tensional – pulls rocks APART Compressional – pushes rocks TOGETHER Shearing – pulls rocks ALONG each other https://www.as.uky.edu/sites/default/files/elearning/module10swf.swf

The Elastic Rebound Theory Rocks will bend until they reach their Elastic Limit. Then they will break (crack) This forms a Fault

How do Earthquakes Occur? Rocks on a fault are jagged & get stuck when plates move. Stress Builds Rocks bend until they can’t & then snap back to their original position. (Elastic Rebound Theory)

Parts of a Fault Footwall Hanging Wall

Normal Fault

Caused by Tensional Stress Rocks/plates are pulled apart Tension causes the hanging wall to fall down. Divergent Boundary

Normal Fault

Normal Fault

Normal Fault

Reverse Fault

Caused by Compressional Stress Rocks/plates are pushed together. Causes the Hanging wall to move up. Earthquakes!!!! Convergent Boundary

Reverse Fault

Reverse Fault

Thrust Fault A special Reverse fault Angle of fault plane is shallow.

Strike-Slip Fault

Caused by Shearing Stress Rock/plates are sliding in opposite directions. Movement is only horizontal. EARTHQUAKES!!! Transform Boundary

Strike Slip Fault

Strike – Slip Fault

Oblique-Slip Fault Horizontal and Vertical Movement Caused by Tensional and Shear Stress. Transform and Divergent Boundaries

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