Bell ringer #2 The “Art of Compromise” or is it the “Art of Giving in”? What is an advantage to compromise and what is a disadvantage? Give an example.

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Presentation transcript:

Bell ringer #2 The “Art of Compromise” or is it the “Art of Giving in”? What is an advantage to compromise and what is a disadvantage? Give an example from your own life.

Why Was Representation a Major Issue at the Philadelphia Convention? Lesson 10: Why Was Representation a Major Issue at the Philadelphia Convention?

Purpose This lesson examines: The debate over what, or who, the national government will represent. The Great Compromise, which dealt with the makeup of the House and Senate. How population would be counted for representation in the House. How new states might receive representation in Congress.

Objectives Explain the differences between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan and the importance of the Great Compromise. Explain how the Framers addressed regional issues with the 3/5ths compromise and the provision for periodic census of the population. Evaluate, take, and defend positions on why major issues debated at the Convention are still on the national agenda.

Disagreement Over Representation No disagreement over two-house Congress Bicameral = two house Congress Disagreement on how to represent states in Congress Proportional representation based on population Madison – representatives should serve the people of states by districts, power was not derived from the whole state. Equal representation thought national government derived power from and represented the States, not the people. BIG states favored Proportional representation small states favored Equal representation

The New Jersey Plan Similar to Articles of Confederation One house Congress, equal representation Executive branch appointed by Congress Supreme Court appointed by Executive June 19, 1787 - most delegates were convinced that a unicameral Congress would not work, and NJ Plan voted down. Many small state delegates refused to accept Virginia Plan due to their concerns over large states’ power under proportional representation. Disagreement over this issue almost ended the convention, a special committee was formed.

The Great Compromise Special committee created a solution: The Great Compromise provisions House of Representatives= Proportional Rep. Senate = Equal Rep. (2 per state – chosen by state legislature) Senate appeased small states, House appeased big states The compromise passed by 1 vote Plan was created by Sherman and Ellsworth – Connecticut

The 3/5ths Compromise Next problem: what did proportional representation mean? Southern states want slaves to count towards representation Northern states thought counting them would only benefit, and empower, slave owners If they are considered property, why should property be represented? The Compromise state’s population, in regards to apportioning representation, would be equal to free population plus 3/5ths slaves Slaves also counted as 3/5ths when computing taxes paid by each state to federal government

Representation of New States New states would have full representation in congress A census would be taken every 10 years to reapportion seats in the House based on the shift in America’s population.