Nepal’s Initiative on Climate Resilient WASH Programming SACOSAN 7 - Islamabad Technical Session: WASH and Climate Change 12 April 2018

Outline Background Challenges on achieving WASH goals Nepal’s Initiatives to climate sensitive programming Way forward

NEPAL DISASTER CONTEXT - Facts & Figures Global perspective: Nepal as at high risk of humanitarian crises and disasters ranking it 32nd out of 191 countries (INFORM Global Risk Index 2018) Globally Nepal ranks: 30th – landslides 30th - Floods 11th – Earthquakes 4th – Climate change Kathmandu, 1 among 21 most vulnerable city in the world Source: BCPR-(2004), New York, UNDP and Nepal disaster report 2016, geo-hazard international

Challenges on achieving WASH goals > 40% are dysfunctional Water Supply and Quality Status > 40% are dysfunctional

Challenges on achieving WASH goals .. (cont.) Dysfunctional Water Supply Systems and its quality- SDGs goals Reinvestment needs which could have be used for moving to development ladders Delay in sanitation gains- ODF achievements Vicious cycle of re-programming Issues of WASH governance- service delivery level Limited knowledge and skills on climate vulnerability and climate sensitive programming of WASH actors

Looking back - WASH recovery requirements from recent disasters Recovery cost What was affected 2014 flood 2.8 Million USD; about 28,000 people affected 514 tube wells and 144 Water supply schemes were damaged; 56 ODF VDCs affected 2015 Earthquake 181 millions USD; 2.7 Million people affected 11,288 water supply systems (partially and fully damaged),220000 toilets (partially and fully damaged) 2016 Cholera outbreak 168 confirmed cases; about 50,000 people directly at risk Entire Kathmandu valley people at risk 2017 Flood 20.9 Million USD, 1. 7 million people affected 1246 water supply schemes of 53 districts ( partially or fully damaged); 13,529 tubewells, 27,282 toilets partially or fully damaged- affecting ODF declarations

UNICEF’s Nepal initiatives with ‘climate sensitive’ program 4 key areas of work: Generating evidence Engaging children through child centered risk mapping Building capacities of national and local authorities including WASH actors/community Engaging with water user’s committee on climate risk assessments

Risk Assessments at 3 levels: Engaging children - child centered risk mapping Risk Assessments at 3 levels: Community level Children led Community risk mapping Community led risk map Village level Local Disaster Risk Mgmt Plan (24) District level District Disaster Risk Mgmt plan (20) Children are among the most vulnerable in both development and emergency context and deserve special attention.

Climate Resilient WASH program in action… VCA Mapping Discussion in DRR action by child club Community Consultation - risk assessment of water schemes School orientation on disaster risk reduction

Children’s street drama on hygiene promotion Discussion on use of IEC Awareness raising in school by child club Children’s street drama on hygiene promotion Discussion on use of IEC

Orientation on school evacuation plan -saptari School emergency plan in Saptari Fire drill in school

Post flood recovery programs

Lessons learned Mainstreaming DRR and climate risk into local government planning process, is critical for sustainability of sectoral development, but takes time Multi-hazard risk mapping tool created by children and community – a strong advocacy tool for identification, prioritization and mitigation of the risk Risk Mapping plus water quality testing can bring changes on children’s and community’s mind sets and behaviour change for action Rather than seeing children as passive recipients of any program, we need to recognize children as capable of: - Analyzing risk - Communicating risks - Mobilizing action and resources - Developing innovative social networks - Implementing small scale adaptation action

Way forward Need to create a strong information system for every sector to create a baseline for climate trend analysis Child centered risk mapping- for every schools and communities could support in triggering initiatives and behavior change Maximizing benefits from federalism and decentralization – Advocacy vis-à-vis the local government officials, their capacity building and practical actions towards climate resilient programming Knowledge and specific capacities to user committees needs to be scaled up Formalization/allocation of climate and disaster funds to generate evidence and to support sectoral adaptation programs by national and local government Going back to communities/children to look at actions followed post risk mapping

Group Work Identify key recommendations on strategy, policy and sectoral planning, that all stakeholders in South Asia could engage in (10 min). Prioritize 2 to 3 key actions that could be achieved in the next 2 years and recommended for inclusion in the SACOSAN 7 Declaration (5 min).