Women as World Leaders Mr. Epps World History Chapters 28, 30 and 31 Pages 943, 997-999, 1019-1020 Photo: www.britannica.com/biography/Golda-Meir www.britannica.com/biography/Indira-Gandhi www.margaretthatcher.org Video: www.biography.com/people/margaret-thatcher-9504796 theprimeministers.org/biography-golda-mier/ www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3FGvAMvYpc (with video guide) Mr. Epps World History Chapters 28, 30 and 31 SSWH21

Golda Meir Israel’s first female prime minister; first female leader of a Middle Eastern country Led the country from 1969 to 1974 (Yom Kippur War) Improved international relations; met with Pope Paul VI and hosted West Germany’s Chancellor, Willy Brandt “Don't be humble ... you're not that great.” Pages 997-999 Golda Meir was best known as the fourth Prime Minister of Israel and the first woman to hold the title. “Don't be humble ... you're not that great.” —Golda Meir Golda Meir was an Israeli politician born on May 3, 1898, in Kiev, Russia. She and her family immigrated to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where she became an active Zionist. From the 1940s through the 1960s, Meir worked for the Israeli government in various roles including as Minister of Labor and Foreign Minister. In 1969, party factions appointed her as the country’s fourth Prime Minister, thereby also becoming the world’s third woman with that title. She died in Jerusalem on December 8, 1978. Golda Meir was born Goldie Mabovitch in Kiev, Russia on May 3, 1898, the daughter of Moshe and Bluma Mabovitch. Her autobiography tells of her father boarding up the house during the 1905 Kiev pogrom where mobs killed over 100 Jews. That year, the family moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where Golda attended North Division High School and joined a Zionist group that supported the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. (http://www.biography.com/people/golda-meir-9404859) Meir pressed for a peace settlement in the Middle East by diplomatic means. She traveled widely, her meetings including those with Nicolae Ceauşescu in Romania (1972) and Pope Paul VI at the Vatican (1973). Also in 1973, Meir’s government was host to Willy Brandt, chancellor of West Germany. (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Golda-Meir) Picture: www.britannica.com/biography/Golda-Meir Video: theprimeministers.org/biography-golda-mier/ www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3FGvAMvYpc

Indira Gandhi India’s third prime minister and the first female to lead the country Sought to revitalize the agriculture industry during the Green Revolution Led India into the nuclear age “People tend to forget their duties but remember their rights.” Pages 1019-1020 Indira Gandhi was India's third prime minister, serving from 1966 until 1984, when her life ended in assassination. She was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister. Indira Gandhi was born on November 19, 1917, in Allahabad, India. The lone child of Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first prime minister, she ascended to the position after his death in the mid-1960s. Gandhi survived party in-fighting, emerging as a popular leader thanks in part to efforts to revitalize the farming industry. Ousted from power in 1977, Gandhi was reelected prime minister in 1980, and served in the role until her assassination in 1984. …India was achieving tangible success through advancements of the Green Revolution. Addressing the chronic food shortages had that mainly affected the poor Sikh farmers of the Punjab region, Gandhi spurred growth through the introduction of high-yield seeds and irrigation, eventually producing a surplus of grains. Additionally, the prime minister led her country into the nuclear age with the detonation of an underground device in 1974. http://www.biography.com/people/indira-gandhi-9305913 Picture: www.britannica.com/biography/Indira-Gandhi

Margaret Thatcher Known as the “Iron Lady” First female prime minister of Great Britain, served from 1979 to 1990 Aligned with U.S. on almost all foreign policy matters Led the country during the Falklands War, April to June 1982, against Argentina; leadership cemented her role as prime minister in future elections Page 943 The first female prime minister of Britain, Margaret Thatcher was a controversial figurehead of conservative ideology during her time in office. Born on October 13, 1925, in Grantham, England, Margaret Thatcher became Britain's Conservative Party leader and in 1979 was elected prime minister, the first woman to hold the position. During her three terms, she cut social welfare programs, reduced trade union power and privatized certain industries. Thatcher resigned in 1991 due to unpopular policy and power struggles in her party. She died on April 8, 2013, at age 87. (http://www.biography.com/people/margaret-thatcher-9504796) Picture: www.margaretthatcher.org Video: www.biography.com/people/margaret-thatcher-9504796