Signed 1794. Goes into effect 1796 Jay’s Treaty Signed 1794. Goes into effect 1796 Signed with Great Britain British agreed to remove troops from NW Territory Strengthened Economic Ties With England Gave England “Favored Nation” status when it came to trade Federalists (Hamiltonians) saw this as a good thing, while Democratic Republicans were very against. Helped to further drive Americans to political parties

Pinckney’s Treaty Treaty between the United States and Spain 1795 Resolved territorial disputes between the countries (set borders) Granted American ships right to free navigation of the Mississippi River Also granted American ships duty free transport through New Orleans

After Washington’s retirement, the Democratic-Republicans and Federalists campaigned for the presidency in 1796 Federalist John Adams defeated Republican Thomas Jefferson and won the presidency 10 10

The war between England & France was still going on and continued to cause problems for America France was frustrated with American neutrality and began to seize U.S. merchant ships Adams sent diplomats to France to negotiate an agreement on American trade rights in Europe 10 10

Three French officials (nicknamed X, Y, and Z) demanded a bribe to meet with French ministers Americans were offended by this XYZ Affair and called for war with France, but Adams kept his cool Credit: Forms part of: British Cartoon Prints Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division  In the 1790s the U.S. struggled to remain neutral in a war between Britain and France that would not end until the final defeat of Napoleon in 1815. In 1797 three French officials requested bribes from American diplomats to end the undeclared "Quasi War" during which the French navy had captured more than 300 American merchant ships. In this British satire of Franco-American relations after what became known as the XYZ Affair, a group of Frenchmen flatter "Madame Amerique" with promises of the wealth that their friendship can provide, while John Bull looks on from his stronghold atop "Shakespeare's cliff."  Madame Amerique

Federalists in Congress passed the Alien & Sedition Acts President Adams’ handling of the conflict with France led to criticisms by Democratic-Republicans Federalists in Congress passed the Alien & Sedition Acts The laws made it a crime to criticize government leaders, restricted citizenship for new immigrants, and made deporting immigrants easier This attack on free speech and citizenship backfired and badly damaged President Adams and the Federalist Party

Republicans Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions to attack the Federalist Party These essays presented an argument for states’ rights suggesting that states could ignore (nullify) unfair national laws These arguments of states’ rights and nullification will be used by the South to secede from the USA by 1861 and start the Civil War 22 22

Adams and his Federalist Party were unpopular by the election of 1800 Republican Jefferson defeated Adams in the election of 1800 The 1800 election marked the first time in U.S. history when one political party transferred power to another political party Jefferson’s victory over Adams marked the beginning of 30 years of dominance by the Democratic-Republican Party