Gender and Age MANAR AHMAD AWADA 201050349 MOZA KHAMIS AL SHAMSI 200908002 NOURAH HASSAN SALEM 200806875

Contents : Gender-Exclusive speech differences Gender definition 11/21/2018 Gender-Exclusive speech differences Gender definition Examples Gender-Preferential speech Features Gender and Social Class Explanations of Women’s Linguistic Behavior The Social Status Explanation Women’s Role as Guardian of Society Values Subordinate group must be polite Vernacular forms express machismo Some alternative explanations Language , Society & Culture

11/21/2018 Gender : the properties that distinguish organism on the basis of their reproductive roles . Language , Society & Culture

Gender-Exclusive speech differences 11/21/2018 Women and Men do not speak in exactly the same way as each other in any community , and in this community Women and Men speak different language . For instance , in Yana a North American Indian language , some of the words used between Men are longer than the equivalent words used by Women and Women . Example : Women Men ‘deer’ ba ba-na ‘person’ yaa yaa-na Language , Society & Culture

11/21/2018 In this community if a person uses the wrong form for their gender , the older members of the community may consider them bisexual . In some languages there are also differences between the vocabulary items used by Women and Men , the traditional Japanese is a clear example : Example : Women Men otoosan oyaji ‘father’ onaka hara ‘stomach’ These distinctions are a matter of degrees of formality or politeness than gender . Language , Society & Culture

Gender-Preferential speech Features 11/21/2018 In Western urban communities Women and Men do not use completely different forms , they use different quantities or frequencies of the same forms , for instance , Women use more – ing pronunciation than Men in words like swimming and typing . Language , Society & Culture

Gender and Social Class 11/21/2018 In every social class men use more vernacular forms than women. women use more standard forms than men. women use more ing-forms than men. in western communities, such differences are found in the speech of different social classes, therefore the language of women in the lower and higher classes is more similar to that of men in the same group. Language , Society & Culture

Explanations of Women’s Linguistic Behavior 11/21/2018 Why can't a woman be more like a man? social class and its related status for an explanation. Refers to women's role in society. Women's status as a subordinate group. Function of speech in expressing gender identity and especially masculinity. Language , Society & Culture

The Social Status Explanation 11/21/2018 Some linguistic have suggested that woman use more standard speech forms than men because they are more status-conscious than men. Women’s Role as Guardian of Society Values: little boys are generally allowed more freedom than little girls. Language , Society & Culture

Subordinate group must be polite 11/21/2018 Woman as subordinate group, it is argued, must avoid offending men – and so they must speak carefully and politely. Vernacular forms express machismo: Why don’t men use more standard forms? Because men prefer vernacular forms . They carry macho connotations of masculinity and toughness. Language , Society & Culture

Some alternative explanations 11/21/2018 Women tend to be more cooperative conversationalists than men. Men on the other hand tend to be less responsive to the speech of others and to their conversational needs. Language , Society & Culture

11/21/2018 Language , Society & Culture