Brîff 7 Munud - Trawma Camdriniol i’r Pen Abusive Head Trauma 7 Minute Briefing

1. BETH YDYW? 1. WHAT IS IT? Mae Trawma Camdriniol i’r Pen (AHT), a elwir hefyd yn Syndrom Baban wedi’i Ysgwyd (SBS), yn ffurf ddifrifol o gam- drin plentyn yn gorfforol sy’n peri trawma catastroffig i’r pen, sy’n digwydd drwy ysgwyd plentyn gerfydd ei ysgwyddau, breichiau neu goesau. Gall anafiadau godi o’r ysgwyd yn unig, neu hefyd o’r trawiad. Y triad mwyaf cyffredin o anafiadau a ganfyddir, ac sy'n gyson ag ysgwyd, yw gwaedu o gwmpas arwyneb yr ymennydd, ymennydd yn chwyddo a gwaedu yn y retina. Mae’r anafiadau hyn yn wahanol iawn i’r rhai a geir o gwymp bach, ac yn awgrymu’n gryf bod achosion nad ydynt yn ddamweiniol. Abusive Head Trauma (AHT), also known as Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS), is a severe form of physical child abuse that causes catastrophic head trauma that is inflicted by shaking an infant by the shoulders, arms, or legs. Injury may result from shaking alone or also from impact. The triad of injuries most commonly found, and known to be consistent with shaking, are bleeding around the surface of the brain, brain swelling & retinal bleeding. These injuries are quite different from those acquired from a short fall and point strongly towards non-accidental causes.

2. BETH YDYW ? 2. WHAT IS IT?   Mae trawma a berir i rywun (yn enwedig AHT) yn brif achos marwolaeth mewn plant. Mae AHT yn aml yn achosi niwed na ellir ei ddadwneud, ac mae o leiaf un o bob pedwar babi sy’n cael eu hysgwyd yn dreisgar yn marw o’r math hwn o gamdriniaeth plentyn. Ar ôl yr ysgwyd, mae’r chwydd yn yr ymennydd yn gallu achosi pwysau mawr o fewn y benglog, gan gywasgu pibellau gwaed a chynyddu anaf cyffredinol i strwythur brau'r ymennydd Inflicted trauma (especially AHT) is a leading cause of infant mortality. AHT often causes irreversible damage and at least one of every four babies who are violently shaken dies from this form of child maltreatment. After the shaking, swelling in the brain can cause enormous pressure within the skull, compressing blood vessels and increasing overall injury to the brain's delicate structure

3. BETH YDYW? 3. WHAT IS IT? Y sbardun mwyaf cyffredin i ysgwyd babi yw babi y tu hwnt i gysur neu sy’n crio’n ofnadwy – cam arferol o ddatblygiad baban. Y broblem yw y gall llesteiriant a blinder arwain rhai unigolion at gyrraedd pen eu tennyn. Mae ffactorau risg eraill yn cynnwys: Rhieni ifanc a/neu sengl Cefndir addysgol is Dynamig teuluol ansefydlog Pryderon ariannol/bwyd/tŷ Trais Domestig Camddefnyddio cyffuriau/alcohol The most common trigger for shaking a baby is inconsolable or excessive crying - a normal phase of infant development. The problem is that frustration & exhaustion can lead some individuals to breaking point. Other risk factors include: Young &/or single parents Lower educational background Unstable family dynamics Financial/food/housing concerns Domestic violence Drug/alcohol abuse

4. CYDNABYDDIAETH 4. RECOGNITION Mae 70% o fabanod sy'n cael eu hysgwyd, yn cael eu hysgwyd gan ddynion. Mae sawl astudiaeth wedi dangos bod 20%-50% o blant sy’n cael syndrom baban wedi’i ysgwyd yn dangos tystiolaeth eu bod wedi dioddef trawma arall hefyd, fel llosgiadau bwriadol, esgyrn wedi'u torri a/neu gleisiau nad ydynt yn gyson ag anafiadau arferol ac sy'n addas i oedran 70% of babies shaken are shaken by men. Many studies have demonstrated that 20%-50% of children who sustain shaken baby syndrome have evidence of other inflicted trauma, such as intentional burns, broken bones and/or bruising not consistent with routine and age-appropriate injury

5. MATERION 5. KEY ISSUES ALLWEDDOL There are a very broad range of AHT signs and symptoms depending on the nature of the inflicted trauma. Behavioural signs may include lethargy, poor feeding, extreme irritability, high pitched crying. Physical symptoms may include bruising, breathing difficulty, seizures, bleeding or drainage of fluid from the nose Mae yna amrediad eang o arwyddion a symptomau AHT, yn dibynnu ar natur y trawma. Gall arwyddion ymddygiadol gynnwys cysgadrwydd, bwydo’n wael, natur flin iawn, crio ar draw uchel iawn. Gall symptomau corfforol gynnwys cleisio, anawsterau anadlu, ffitiau, gwaedu neu ddraenio hylif o’r trwyn

6. SUT I YMATEB 6. HOW TO RESPOND Ni ddylai ofnau y bydd rhieni’n mynd yn flin a theimlo’n drist atal ymarferwyr rhag siarad gyda nhw am risgiau AHT. Mae tystiolaeth yn dangos bod y mwyafrif o rieni’n croesawu addysg a bod deall y ffeithiau’n eu helpu i adeiladu ymwybyddiaeth a lleihau’r risgiau. Fears that parents will become angry and feel upset should not deter practitioners from talking to them about the risks of AHT. Evidence indicates that most parents welcome education and that understanding the facts helps build awareness and reduce the risks.

7. GWEITHREDU 7. ACTION If you feel a child is in immediate danger please call for an ambulance and contact the police on 999 You can speak to someone in Children’s Social Care about your concerns (see contact details on the North Wales Safeguarding Board website) Os ydych yn teimlo bod plentyn mewn perygl dybryd, ffoniwch am ambiwlans a chysylltwch â’r heddlu ar 999 Gallwch siarad â rhywun yng Ngofal Cymdeithasol Plant am eich pryderon (gweler y manylion cyswllt ar wefan Bwrdd Diogelu Gogledd Cymru)