Blood Disorders 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 1

Rh factor: Erythroblastosis fetalis This happens when on Rh- mom has a baby with an Rh+ dad. When the baby’s Rh factor is +, problems can develop if the baby’s RBC cross to the mom during birth. What are the symptoms? During second pregnancy the fetus is at risk of attack from mom’s blood. How is it treated? Mom is given RHOgam injection after each birth within 72 hours to stop antibody production.

Blood Disorders Anemia Symptoms of anemia: Short of breath Increased Heart Rate Tired - Fatigue Dizziness Why these symptoms occur? Decrease in RBC’s 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 3

Blood disorders: Embolism vs. Thrombus Thrombus is air, blood clot, cancer cells, fat, etc. that is carried by the blood stream until it reaches an artery too small for passage Embolism is when the clot breaks away and starts moving in the vessel 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 4

Blood disorders: Embolism vs. Thrombus Symptoms: pain, swelling, heat at sight of thrombus Treatment: medication, RICE Prognosis: good if treated early Embolism can cause a stroke, heart attack, reduced kidney function, spread of cancer cells 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 5

Blood disorders: hematoma vs. contusion Hematoma: localized clotted mass of blood found in an organ, tissue or space usually caused by an injury Contusion: is another name for a bruise. Capillaries are damaged and cause bleeding under the skin in the cellular space. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 6

Blood disorders: hematoma vs. contusion Symptoms: pain, swelling, appearance of red/purple marks Treatment: contusion - RICE Hematoma - make sure bleeding has stopped Prognosis: good if treated early 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 7

Blood disorders: Hemophilia Blood clots slow or abnormally Missing a clotting factor. Sex-linked - transmitted genetically from others to sons 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 8

Blood disorders: Hemophilia Symptoms: blood clots slowly or abnormally Treat with missing clotting factor and avoid trauma Prognosis much better than in the past, improvements in medicine have prolonged their lives 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 9

Blood disorders: Leukemia What is leukemia? Malignant cancer of the blood Cause: overproduction of immature WBC’s that hinder synthesis of RBC’s Symptoms: Involve all systems of body 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 10

Blood disorders: Leukemia Treatment: Bone marrow transplants and chemotherapy Prognosis: Remission rate is increasing 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 11

Blood disorders:Multiple Myeloma What is multiple myeloma? Malignant neoplasm of plasma cells or B-lymphocytes The plasma cells multiply abnormally causing multiple amounts of tumors 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 12

Blood disorders:Multiple Myeloma Symptoms: pain, tiredness, nervous system problems, nausea and vomiting Treatment: Palliative (improving quality of life by reducing pain and suffering) Chemo and radiation do not work very well. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 13

Blood disorders: Polycythemia What is polycythemia? Too many red blood cells What are the symptoms? Headache, double vision, itching, look of sunburn How is it treated? Removal of blood, approx. 1 pint may need to be done regularly Plasma Cellular elements 14

Blood disorders: Septicemia Presence of pathogenic (disease -producing) organisms or toxins in the blood (bacteria) Infection of the blood Treatment: antibiotics are used to kill the bacteria Prognosis: if not treated early can cause shock that leads to organ failure 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 15

Blood disorders: Sickle Cell Anemia Cause: Inherited from both parents What is sickle cell anemia? Chronic blood disease where blood cells are formed in a sickle shape 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 16

Blood disorders: Sickle Cell Anemia Symptoms: Pain, shortness of breath when the vein is blocked Treatment: Pain medication, oxygen, blood transfusion, fluids 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 17