Genetics Lesson 4.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The process of making proteins

Advertisements

DNA Transcription and Translation

What was the most interesting thing that you did over Winter Break? Create a double bubble map comparing/contrasting DNA and RNA.

 Assemble the DNA  Follow base pair rules  Blue—Guanine  Red—Cytosine  Purple—Thymine  Green--Adenine.

1. Important Features a. DNA contains genetic template" for proteins.

FROM GENE TO PROTEIN: TRANSCRIPTION & RNA PROCESSING Chapter 17.

Chapter 13.2 (Pgs ): Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

Transcription Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from a section of DNA. Transcription of a gene starts from a region of DNA known as the promoter.

CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY. Transcription & Translation How do we make sense of the DNA message? Genotype to Phenotype.

Transcription and Translation

Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 RNA, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis

1 Gene expression Transcription and Translation. 2 1.Important Features: Eukaryotic cells a. DNA contains genetic template for proteins. b. DNA is found.

1 Genes and How They Work Chapter Outline Cells Use RNA to Make Protein Gene Expression Genetic Code Transcription Translation Spliced Genes – Introns.

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Objective: 6(C) Explain the purpose and process of transcription and translation using models of DNA and RNA.

What is central dogma? From DNA to Protein

Chapter 12: Protein Synthesis What is DNA? What is DNA?

Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??

Molecular Genetics Protein Synthesis Overview. The Central Dogma DNA contains the blueprint for protein synthesis, but proteins are synthesized outside.

Protein Synthesis.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION. TRANSLATING THE GENETIC CODE ■GENES: CODED DNA INSTRUCTIONS THAT CONTROL THE PRODUCTION OF PROTEINS WITHIN.

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Transcription.

DNA Structure. The Flow of Genetic Information from DNA to RNA to Protein –DNA functions as the inherited directions for a cell or organism. Copyright.

Ch 12-3 Notes, part 2 The Central Dogma = Protein Synthesis.

8.3 DNA Replication KEY CONCEPT DNA replication copies the genetic information of a cell.

Unit 1: DNA and the Genome Structure and function of RNA.

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Page 300. A. Introduction 1. Chromosomes are a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of.

Chapter 12.3 DNA, RNA and Protein DNA, RNA, and Protein Molecular Genetics Central Dogma  RNA - Contains the sugar ribose and the base uracil,

Section 3: DNA, RNA, and Protein

RNA and Protein Synthesis

HOW PROTEINS ARE MADE BY THE CELL

Protein synthesis DNA is the genetic code for all life. DNA literally holds the instructions that make all life possible. Even so, DNA does not directly.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.

CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY

Transcription, Translation & Protein Synthesis

DNA Replication.

Transcription and Translation

Transcription: DNA  mRNA

From DNA to Proteins Transcription.

Protein Synthesis.

2/23/15 Learning Objectives

Gene Expression: from DNA to protein

Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation

The making of proteins for …..

Chapter 13: Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis in Detail

Gene Expression : Transcription and Translation

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology From Genes to Protein

Transcription & Translation.

TRANSCRIPTION FLOWCHART

Protein Synthesis Chapter 10.

HOW PROTEINS ARE MADE BY THE CELL

From Gene to Protein How Genes Work.

Genes and How They Work Chapter 15

Central Dogma Central Dogma categorized by: DNA Replication Transcription Translation From that, we find the flow of.

13.1: RNA & Transcription.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

CHAPTER 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene

Genetics Lesson 3.

Protein Synthesis.

Replication, Transcription, Translation

DNA Transcription and Translation

Chapter 14: Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis: An Overview

Transcription and Translation

Presentation transcript:

Genetics Lesson 4

Helicase (unwinds DNA) Central Dogma DNA RNA Protein Helicase (unwinds DNA) Ribosome tRNA RNA Polymerase Transcription (nucleus) Translation (cytoplasm)

Exons and Introns

mRNA Splicing RNA polymerase transcribes all of the introns and exons in a gene into mRNA Only the exons code for protein The spliceosome snips out introns from the mRNA The remaining exons are assembled into the final mRNA product Exon # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A few possible final mRNA products: Exons 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9 Exons 3+4+5+6+7+8+9 Exons 5+6+7+8+9

Why Does Splicing Matter? mRNA is translated into protein by the ribosome and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) The ribosome holds the mRNA and moves it along so tRNAs that recognize an mRNA codon can add amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain The mRNA sequence determines the polypeptide chain A folded poylpeptide chain is called a protein

Amino Acid sequence from mRNA codon sequence (#17-21) G C Met His Cys Pro Phe Ala Asp The amino acid sequence determines the structure of a protein “Structure = Function”

Protein Structure

Why Does This Matter? All of the cells in your body contain the same DNA* However, only certain genes are expressed in certain cells Gene expression = proteins Certain cells are made of certain proteins The unique proteins a cell expresses makes the cell unique A collection of unique cells = a tissue Tissues include muscle, skin, brain, lung, blood, etc * Disclaimer: there are exceptions to every rule…

Real Life Applications Medicines can be designed to treat diseases caused by cells expressing specific proteins (such as cancer) Genes can be altered to correct genetic errors (such as cystic fibrosis) Genes can be transferred to different organisms (such as bacteria) which can be used to make huge amounts of a desired protein (such as insulin to treat diabetes)