DNA Transcription.

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Presentation transcript:

DNA Transcription

Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

Transcription: Prokaryote RNA Polymerase unwinds and unzips DNA (but does not proof-read… why not?) Complementary NTP’s add to template DNA strand from 5’ to 3’ RNA Polymerase begins transcribing the DNA at a specific point RNA strand is identical to the non- coded DNA (and complementary to the template strand) EXCEPT FOR...

Nucleotide (NTP) Deoxynucleotide (dNTP) Dideoxynucleotide (ddNTP)

Transcription: Eukaryote Same process as Prokaryotes! After mRNA is transcribed from DNA then the mRNA has a different fate in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Prokaryotes immediately begin translating the mRNA. Eukaryotes must process it first.

mRNA Processing No mRNA Processing mRNA Processing: • intron/exon • methyl cap • poly-A tail

Why mRNA is Processed #1 Viral DNA injected into cells Cells evolve nucleases in cytoplasm that chomp up any RNA or DNA out there Nucleases can’t get through the nuclear envelope so DNA is safe mRNA sent out into the cytoplasm must be protected Methyl cap is a block Poly A tail is a fuse mRNA is still chomped up into NTP’s and recycled, but the Poly A tail gives it some time

Why mRNA is Processed #2 Eukaryotic DNA is composed mostly of “non-coding DNA” (or “junk DNA”) We’re still not entirely sure what it does Was probably inserted by different viruses over time The ultimate selfish gene just hitching a ride on a successful group of genes… The introns are the sections of DNA not expressed, the exons are the sections that are expressed (ex-ons are ex-pressed, get it?) Spliceosome loops out the introns and snips them out So now we’ve got some mRNA that codes for a protein