21/11/2018 The need for continuous and effective ATM Training/new technologies, new system, new challenges.

First Training challenge?

3 out 4 ATCOs claim that changes Keeping pace ATM is defined by change, and staying current with new: technology operational concepts regulatory training requirements is crucial for training but…also extremely challenging 3 out 4 ATCOs claim that changes are too fast

Training meets actual challenges Operational training on FEP FRAIT (direct routing) FL335 ( FL305 24 may) RISA (Air Space and sectors redesign) Data Link & Integrated Label PBN (enable new Instr. Flight Proc. & CTR & CC/CD) Tromboni (a sort of Point merge) ERATO (MTCD assist ATCO decision-making - LIBB) ACDM (data exchanging ATC, AOP, Airlines, NMOC) A-SMGCS ACC/APP (Combined) Reg. (EU) 2015/340 (ATCO licences)

But…how about human variability? Very often, we forget that: Safety & business, depends on professionals remaining up to date in new field. New technologies are related to improvements but is vital to consider human issues. Training is not for “advantages yielded by certification”. Training is to master ATM job-related competencies. Even if we do tens of simulation the difficulty is ensuring that training is effective and resulted in behaviours applied day-to day. Work as imagined Work as it done

How Safety can feed training? Information costs both for Safety and Training and the difficulty is describe Human in ATC taxonomy. A return ticket from training to Safety

How human in ATC taxonomy? Nothing new!!!! HERA JANUS (EUROCONTROL) technique to what error and how did the error occur to: Review and reinforce training program Assess the competency framework

HERA-JANUS error analysis… one by one Perception and Vigilance No detection of visual information No auditory detection Mis-identification of information Memory Forgot to monitor Forgot to perform action Inaccurate recall of information Planning and Decision Making Misjudged aircraft projection Incorrect decision or plan No decision or plan Response Execution Typing error Incorrect information transmitted Information not recorded

Contextual conditions More than 200 options Training and experience: Inadequate time on position Unfamiliar task in routine operations Novel situation Inadequate knowledge/experience position Inadequate mentoring Inadequate On-the-Job Training (OJT) Inadequate emergency training Inadequate Team Resource Management (TRM) training Inadequate recurrent/continuation training Controller under training Controller under examination/check Pilot-ATCo Communication Actions Traffic & Airspace excessive traffic load Unusual situation Weather Thunderstorm … route deviation Documentation & Procedures

ENAV Safety portal Collect the incident data (be factual) Errori nominativo Errore di virata Mancata comunicazione voli in procedura che i precedenti stanno riattaccando Motivo delle riattaccate “wind shear” Collect the incident data (be factual) Interview the persons involved Identify the errors Analyse the errors one by one

What

WHY

From content to process Following FRAIT implementation… TCT (TaCtical Tool). Even if implemented to reduce the workload we found out that… Excess confidence in the use of TCT; ATCos started reduced margin …'borderline' separations Every solution brings new issues!

Redesign training Start from a real event Assess core competences, normal operations and best practies Skills and Attitudes Redesign more and more realistic exercises

New challenges New training? AMAN (Arrival Manager), to support arrival sequence delay 4-Flight based on SESAR requirements will replace existing ACCs system Coflight - Flight Data Processing System Gate-to-gate/FDP Interoperability functions Datalink capabilities 4D Trajectory prediction Remote TWRs by 2022 NTA (New Tower Architecture) and ASMGCS2 ground traffic planning and conflict detection. Continuos training, under a culture that values learning, with personal energy and enthusiasm remain pivotal in the process

What future for trA.I.ning? HELIOS AI in ATM faces real safety challenges “That revolution is the application of machine learning techniques, colloquially referred to as Artificial Intelligence”. AI when operating is, like a human, very context dependent. It is more likely that AI will be a 'clever assistant' which does not replace the human but will extend the capabilities of humans already engaged in certain pursuits, for example, evolutionary algorithms to help ATCOs identify optimal structures and flows Undergrounds

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