Cell PEOPLE, Cell Size, and Cell Specialization Chap 7-1 & 7-4 http://www.parlament-berlin.de/Galeriecopy.nsf/0/8ABC720262898739C1256A480037F869?OpenDocumen http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg t

Robert Hooke 1665- ______________________ used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork and saw “little boxes” Robert Hooke He called them “CELLS” because they looked like the small rooms that monks lived in called Cells Microscope image: http://www.answers.com/topic/microscope Cork image: http://www.cortex.de/img_kork/cork_cells_big.jpg Hooke image: http://www.metaweb.com/wiki/upload/5/5c/Hookeyoungmtwb.jpg

Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1673- ___________________________________ a Dutch microscope maker was the first to see LIVING ORGANISMS. Anton van Leeuwenhoek Microscope/Leeuwenhoek image: http://www.answers.com/topic/microscope Animation from: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm

1838- German botanist __________________________concluded that ALL PLANTS are made of cells Matthias Schleiden Plant image: http://www.epa.gov/maia/images/classification.gif Schleiden image: http://web.visionlearning.com/events/Schleiden_Apr5_2005.htm

Theodor Schwann 1839- German zoologist _________________________concluded that Theodor Schwann ALL ANIMALS ARE MADE OF CELLS Schwann image: http://home.tiscalinet.ch/biografien/biografien/schwann.htm Animals image: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.htm

Rudolph Virchow 1855- German medical doctor _____________________ saw dividing cells in the microscope and reasoned that cells come from other cells Rudolph Virchow Virchow: http://www.parlament-berlin.de/Galeriecopy.nsf/0/8ABC720262898739C1256A480037F869?OpenDocument Mitosis: http://biology.dbs.umt.edu/biol101/labs/lab_6_images/sect01and06/Rebecca,%20tanner,%20and%20liam%20mitosis%20root%20tip.jpg

CELL THEORY 1. All living things are ________________________. MADE OF CELLS 2. Cells are the basic unit of ____________ & _____________ in an organism. (cell = basic unit of _____________) STRUCTURE FUNCTION life 3. Cells come from the reproduction of ____________ cells existing Cell image: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer1a.htm

Lynn Margulis 1970- American Biologist _____________________ provides evidence for the idea that certain organelles within cells were once free-living cells themselves. = _________________________ Lynn Margulis ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Margulis

ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY See a movie about ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Endosymbiosis_theory.gif

Evidence for Endosymbiotic theory Mitochondia and chloroplasts have circular_______ similar to bacteria. 2. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have ______________ whose size and structure resemble bacterial ribosomes. 3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts replicated using _________________ like bacteria. 4. _______________________ of mitochondria and chloroplasts have a composition similar to bacterial membranes. DNA RIBOSOMES Binary fission INNER MEMBRANES http://www.cytochemistry.net/cell-biology/mitochondria_lifecycle_graduate.htm

All living things made of cells BUT… organisms can be very different. Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/bacsiz.GIF UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR http://www.angelbabygifts.com/ http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif

CELL SIZE http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/gdavis/links%20100.htm Typical cells range from: 5 – 50 micrometers (microns) in diameter

How big is a micron ( µ ) ? 1 cm = 10,000 microns 1” = 25,000 microns http://www.talentteacher.com/pics/005cb.jpg 1 cm = 10,000 microns 1” = 25,000 microns

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t just contain MANY CELLS. They have different kinds of cells doing different jobs Image from: http://www.isscr.org/images/ES-cell-Fig-2.jpg

Cells in a multi-cellular organism become SPECIALIZED by turning different genes on and off Image from: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg Cell Specialization =DIFFERENTIATION

SPECIALIZED ANIMAL CELLS Muscle cells Red blood cells http://www.biologycorner.com/bio3/images/bloodcells3D.jpg Cheek cells http://www.mlms.logan.k12.ut.us/~ajohnson/Cells.html

Specialized Plant cells Guard cells Xylem cells Pollen Guard cells: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/img/Botany_130/Diversity/Bryophytes/Anthoceros/Guard_cells.jpg Xylem: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Secondary_Growth/Woody_Stems/Tilia_Stem/Secondary_Growth/One_Year_Stem/Primary_xylem_MC.jpg Pollen: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/pollen.jpg

________ __________  ___________ ATOMS MOLECULES ORGANELLES ________ __________  ___________ ATOMS IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

____________  ____________  CELLS TISSUES ____________  ____________  Similar cells working together IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

___________  __________ ___________ ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANS ORGANISM ___________  __________ ___________ Different tissues working together Different organs working together IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS Students will be able to: explain the process of specialization 9-12.L.1.3.A (ADVANCED) describe the relationships between the levels of organization in multi-cellular organisms (cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organism) (PROFICIENT) explain how gene expression regulates cell growth and differentiation 9-12.L.1.3.A (Tissue formation, development of new cells from original stem cells (ADVANCED)

NATURE OF SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the nature and origin of scientific knowledge. 9-12.N.1.1. Students are able to evaluate a scientific discovery to determine and describe how societal, cultural, and personal beliefs influence scientific investigations and interpretations. Recognize scientific knowledge is not merely a set of static facts but is dynamic and affords the best current explanations.

SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12.L.1.3A. Students are able to explain how gene expression regulates cell growth and differentiation. Examples: Tissue formation Development of new cells from original stem cells

Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level: Describe the relationship between structure and function (cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms);

IMAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2004/lect02.htm Paint image by Riedell Paint image by Riedell http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html#Organic%20molecules http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif

http://bioweb. wku. edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.html http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://classes.kumc.edu/som/bioc801/lectures/images/mem01-08.gif http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_nucleus.html

http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg http://www.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/~anatomy2/BON/1016A03.jpg http://www.carolguze.com/text/102-19-tissuesorgansystems.shtml http://academic.pg.cc.md.us/~aimholtz/AandP/206_ONLINE/Immune/Innate_Images/cilia.jpg http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookAnimalTS.html http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147b.gif

http://www.proctitispages.force9.co.uk/ http://vilenski.org/science/safari/fungus/fungus.html http://www.harrythecat.com/graphics/ http://bestanimations.com http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/homepage.htm http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm