Department of Language and Linguistics Introduction Demo Grammar References XLE Tutorial & Demo Kakia Chatsiou Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex achats@essex.ac.uk LG517. Introduction to LFG 1

Outline Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic Grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Demo Grammar Assumptions Coverage Demonstration References Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 2

Outline Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic Grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Demo Grammar Assumptions Coverage Demonstration References Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 3

Introduction What’s XLE? Xerox Linguistics Environment Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction What’s XLE? Xerox Linguistics Environment A computational environment developed to facilitate the writing and debugging of Lexical Functional Grammars C-structure, f-structure, s-structure, and further projections can be defined Includes other activities related to grammar development: analysing performance, test suites, generation, treebanks and other. Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 4

Introduction The basic grammar file. 5 What’s XLE? Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 5

Introduction The basic grammar file. Grammar Version ID 6 What’s XLE? Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. Grammar Version ID Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 6

Introduction The basic grammar file. Language ID 7 What’s XLE? Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. Language ID Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 7

Introduction The basic grammar file. Component ID 8 What’s XLE? Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. Component ID Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 8

Introduction The basic grammar file. XLE version Number 9 What’s XLE? Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. XLE version Number Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 9

Introduction The basic grammar file. 4 dashes signal the end of each Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. 4 dashes signal the end of each section / file Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 10

Introduction The basic grammar file. here it is S(entence) The default Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. here it is S(entence) The default category when parsing Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 11

Introduction The basic grammar file. here no files are included Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. here no files are included the list of files to be included, ending in .lfg Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 12

Introduction The basic grammar file. here precedence is given to Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. here precedence is given to the grammar with version ID TOY and language ID Ellinika specification of which lexical entries, rules and templates are given precedence Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 13

Introduction The basic grammar file. list of the grammatical Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. list of the grammatical relations which must be subcategorised for in order to appear in the argument list of of the PRED Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 14

Introduction The basic grammar file. list of attributes whose values Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. list of attributes whose values must contain a PRED Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 15

Introduction The basic grammar file. list of attributes which do not Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. list of attributes which do not distribute when coordinated Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 16

Introduction The basic grammar file. the category which is covert Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. the category which is covert in the c-structure (empty string) Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 17

Introduction The basic grammar file. The ranking of optimality Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction The basic grammar file. The ranking of optimality constraints Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 18

Introduction Examining a rule Category 19 What’s XLE? Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction Examining a rule Category Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 19

Introduction Examining a rule Category Schema 20 What’s XLE? Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction Examining a rule Category Schema Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 20

Introduction Examining a rule Defining equality 21 What’s XLE? Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction Examining a rule Defining equality Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 21

Introduction Examining a rule Defining equality Disjunction 22 Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction Examining a rule Defining equality Disjunction Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 22

Introduction Examining a rule  23 What’s XLE? Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction Examining a rule  Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 23

Introduction Examining a rule   24 What’s XLE? Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction Examining a rule   Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 24

Introduction Examining a rule Shuffle operator 25 What’s XLE? Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction Examining a rule Shuffle operator Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 25

Introduction Examining a rule Shuffle operator Comment 26 What’s XLE? Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction Examining a rule Shuffle operator Comment Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 26

Introduction Examining a lexical entry grammatical category 27 Demo Grammar References What is XLE? The basic Grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction Examining a lexical entry grammatical category Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 27

Introduction Examining a lexical entry Morphological marker 28 Demo Grammar References What is XLE? The basic Grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction Examining a lexical entry Morphological marker Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 28

Introduction Examining a lexical entry Template (shortcuts) 29 Demo Grammar References What is XLE? The basic Grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction Examining a lexical entry Template (shortcuts) Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 29

Demo Grammar toy-gre7.lfg Assumptions Coverage Demonstration 30 Introduction Demo Grammar References Assumptions Coverage Demonstration Demo Grammar toy-gre7.lfg Assumptions Coverage Demonstration Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 30

Demo Grammar Assumptions Introduction Demo Grammar References Assumptions Coverage Demonstration Demo Grammar Assumptions All four possible Modern Greek word orders (VSO, SVO, OSV and OVS) are equally acceptable and grammatical Modern Greek Word order is represented non-configurationally (Tzanidaki, 1996; Alexopoulou, 1999 among others) : No morphology. For each word there is a separate lexical entry for each case, gender and number. Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 31

Demo Grammar Coverage All 4 word orders (ex.1-4) Introduction Demo Grammar References Assumptions Coverage Demonstration Demo Grammar Coverage All 4 word orders (ex.1-4) Pro-drop character of the language (empty string node e as a disjunction in the subject NP c-structure node) (ex.5-6) Subcategorization frames of intransitive, transitive and ditransitive verbs (including the realisation of the OBL object of ditransitive verbs either through an NP in GEN or a PP[se] (ex 7-10), successfully ruling out sentences like (11) successful assignment of the appropriate grammatical functions to constituents according to their case (NOMSUBJ, ACCOBJ, GENOBL) (ex. 12), ruling out ex.13 number, case and gender assignment among the constituents of an NP or a PP (ex.14-17) Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 32

Demo Grammar Demonstration 33 Introduction Demo Grammar References Assumptions Coverage Demonstration Demo Grammar Demonstration Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 33

References XLE walkthrough. Introduction Demo Grammar References References XLE walkthrough. http://www2.parc.com/istl/groups/nltt/xle/doc/walkthrough.html Tzanidaki, Dimitra Irini. 1996. ”Configurationality and Greek Clause structure”. UCL Working Papers in Linguistics. Alexopoulou, Theodora. 1999. The syntax of Discourse functions in Greek; a non configurational approach. PhD thesis, University of Edinburg. Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 34