Dual Bronchodilation in COPD: From Clinical Trial Evidence to Clinical Practice
Introduction
GOLD Recommendations: First-Line Pharmacologic Therapy for Stable COPD
Available and Emerging LABA and LAMA Bronchodilators for COPD
LABA/LAMA Dual Bronchodilation vs Monocomponents: Indacaterol/glycopyrronium
LABA/LAMA Dual Bronchodilation vs Monocomponents: Tiotropium/Olodaterol
Patient-Reported Dyspnea Scores After 6 Weeks of Treatment
Annualized Rate of Moderate or Severe Exacerbations: SPARK
Clinician Perspective on Which Patients May Be Most Suited for Dual Bronchodilation
Time to Effect of Single Dose of Umeclidinium/ Vilanterol vs Monocomponents or Placebo
Patients Determine the Effect of Therapy on Symptom Control
Lung Function Improvement With Umeclidinium/Vilanterol vs Fluticasone/Salmeterol
Time to First Moderate or Severe COPD Exacerbation for Indacaterol/Glycopyrronium vs Salmeterol/Fluticasone
FLAME Study Design and Objective
Time to First Exacerbation for Indacaterol/ Glycopyrronium vs Salmeterol/Fluticasone
Rate of Exacerbation by Specific Subgroups
Most Frequent AEs: FLAME Study
Lung Function With Triple Therapy: LAMA + LABA/ICS vs LABA/ICS + Placebo
Real-Life Use of ICS
Effect of ICS Withdrawal on Lung Function and Exacerbations
ICS Withdrawal and Exacerbations in Patients With Severe COPD: WISDOM
Risk of Severe COPD Exacerbation After ICS Withdrawal
New Data and a Shift in Treatment Strategy?
Role of Bronchodilators as Basis of Treatment
Post Hoc Analysis of FORWARD Study Data According to Blood EOS
Prospective Study of Blood Eosinophil Level and Exacerbation Rate in FLAME
Concluding Remarks
Abbreviations
Abbreviations (cont)