MUH Music History I “Music in the 14th Century”

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Presentation transcript:

MUH 3211 - Music History I “Music in the 14th Century” 11/21/2018 Chapter 3 “Music in the 14th Century” DAY 11 (29 Sep 17)

The “Ars Nova” Increasing rhythmic complexity after 1300 - use of smallest values (minum and semiminum) - use of duple meters and divisions Philippe de Vitry (1291-1361) - Ars nova (c. 1320) Johannes de Muris (c. 1300-1350) - Ars novae musicae (c. 1320) New style criticized by Pope John XXII, et al. Ars Nova = post-1300 Ars Antiqua = pre-1300, esp. Notre Dame

Le Roman de Fauvel (c. 1316) Gervais de Bus, author Allegory on corruption - both secular and religious Fauvel (horse/ass) - acronym for vices Ascends to throne - lives in royal house -attended by humans Fortuna (fate) allows marriage to Vainglory Gives birth to more Fauvels (Anti-Christs!)

Philippe de Vitry (1291-1361) French courtier/musician Multi-talented MUH 3211 - Music History I Philippe de Vitry (1291-1361) 11/21/2018 French courtier/musician Multi-talented Ars nova treatise (1320) Le Roman de Fauvel Use of Isorhythm (see next slide) Many Motets (but…) …uncertain authorship DAY 11 (29 Sep 17)

Isorhythm 14th-c organizing principal for rhythm Imposed on chant/non-rhythmicized melodies Talea (“segment”/“cut”) = rhythm pattern Color = pitches Ex. Garrit gallus / In nova fert / [Neuma] (Anthology I/18) Talea & color in tenor

Guillaume de Machaut (c. 1300-1377) Most famous 14th-c musician Poet-chronicler at French court Sacred and secular music Formes fixes (secular) 1st 4vv polyphonic Mass 6 MSS of own music Machaut meets “nature” and three of her children

Messe de Nostre Dame Composed by Machaut, c. 1360 First complete polyphonic setting of Mass ordinary by a single composer 4vv (!) – rare through the 14th C Contratenor – below the tenor (chant) Use of Isorhythm to organize Machaut, Messe de Notre Dame, "Kyrie" (Anthology I/19) Orlando Consort talks about Machaut

Machaut’s Secular Music Love songs in troubadour/trouvere tradition Use of formes fixes – standard textual patterns - Ballade - Virelai - Rondeau Exs. Anthology I/20 & 22 "Je puis trop bien ma dame comparer" "Ma fin est mon commencement"

Ars subtilior “the more subtle art” Late 14th century (c. 1375-1400+) France, esp., south (Avignon Popes) Secular songs (nothing sacred) deliberately complex rhythms, etc. Notational tricks (visual and other) Use of colored inks Canons (based on verbal puzzles, etc.)

Jacob Senleches “La harpe de mélodie” “Chantilly Codex” Chicago, Newberry Library MS 54.1

Baude Cordier “Belle, Bonne, Sage” “Chantilly Codex”