Phylogeny and Cladograms Big Idea 1: The process of Evolution drives the diversity and unity of life

Essential Knowledge 1B2: Phylogenetic trees and cladograms are graphical representations (models) of evolutionary history that can be tested. 1B1: Orgs share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among orgs today

Phylogenic Trees Model that shows evolutionary relationships Uses fossil, molecular, and genetic data

Cladogram Model that shows evolutionary relationships So what is the difference? Model that shows evolutionary relationships Uses fossil, molecular, and genetic data

Branches are points in time Branches are derived traits

Diagrams can show derived traits or those lost due to evolution.

What trait do we share with primates, but not with any other mammals What trait do we share with primates, but not with any other mammals? (A derived trait) Opposable thumbs

So at which point is the derived trait of opposable thumbs found? A, B, C, D, E…answer is A!

Show speciation: the process of making a new species.

Shows how recently two groups had a common ancestor

Let’s construct a tree w/ Protein evidence!

EXAMPLE!

Now, can you do the derived traits on the tree?

EXAMPLE!

Constantly being revised based on new and emerging data! Diagrams are Dynamic! Birds are Dinosaurs? Not all dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago. One group survived, and we see their descendents every day. We call them birds.  Paleontologists recognized this link over 125 years ago, and have been investigating it ever since. Discoveries have included shared skeletal features like hollow bones and hips that allow walking upright, and fossils of feathers and nesting grounds. New finds continue to fill in the bird family tree and shed light on ancient dinosaur behavior. Once classified with the mammals. 125 mya split off from dinos! Constantly being revised based on new and emerging data!