Protein Synthesis The making of Proteins

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
RNA and Protein Synthesis. DNA to RNA to Protein Focus Questions: –How does the message coded in the base sequence of DNA eventually create a protein?
Advertisements

Chapter 13.2 (Pgs ): Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
Making Sense of DNA.
Protein Synthesis. Review! What are some functions of proteins? What are some functions of proteins? Enzymes, which speed up chemical reactions Enzymes,
RNA and protein synthesis. RNA Single strand of nucleotides Sugar is ribose Uracil instead of thymine.
Protein Synthesis How to code for the correct amino acids.
SC.912.L.16.5 Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation.
Notes: Protein Synthesis
GENE EXPRESSION TRANSCRIPTION, TRANSLATION AND MUTATIONS.
Protein Synthesis Translation. DNA (genes) information copied to make  mRNA (transcription) Information in mRNA sequence used to put together  Chain.
Protein Synthesis Process that makes proteins
Use the SUMMARY OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS handout during this section of notes.
Protein Synthesis The process of putting together amino acids to form proteins in the cell. The process of putting together amino acids to form proteins.
DNA can’t do it alone so it
The Genetic Code and Translation. Codon – three mRNA bases in a row that code for an amino acid Divide this mRNA strand into codons: AUGGGCACUCUCGCAUGA.
Decoding the message. DNA and RNA work together to produce proteins Remember: A protein is a specific sequence of amino acids.
Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation.
12.3 Protein Synthesis (Translation). Watch these animations and try to explain what is going on. ◦Animation 1Animation 1 ◦Animation 2Animation 2.
Translation and Protein Synthesis Notes
Genetics: RNA and Protein Synthesis
DNA Lesson 3: Part 2 I can… describe how DNA becomes the traits using RNA I can… define mutations and give 3 types I can… describe some harmful mutations.
Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis Translation.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Translation mRNA  protein.
RNA Another Nucleic Acid.
RNA Another Nucleic Acid.
Protein Synthesis.
Do Now: Imagine you have an original Michaelangelo painting
RNA Another Nucleic Acid.
RNA & Protein Synthesis
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis How are they made??.
Protein Synthesis.
Objective: Journal: Describe the process of protein synthesis
How DNA and RNA make Proteins.
Chp: 12 Transcription & Translation
Amino Acid Activation And Translation.
From DNA to Proteins.
Transcription -The main purpose of transcription is to create RNA from DNA because RNA leaves the nucleus to carry out its functions but DNA does not -A.
What happens when the mRNA leaves the nucleus??
Protein Synthesis Making Proteins
REPLICATION, TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION REVIEW Power point
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Ch. 12 Protein Synthesis.
Translation (Protein Synthesis) RNA  protein.
Protein Synthesis Using DNA to Make Proteins
Protein Synthesis Making Proteins
Nucleic Acids: RNA Ribonucleic Acid: RNA
Protein Synthesis Making Proteins
January 11, 2018 Objective: Journal:
Protein Synthesis Translation
Central Dogma
RNA and Protein Synthesis
RNA - TRANSLATION.
Central Dogma of Genetics
Translation and Transcription
Translation Decoding the message.
Ch Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Proteins are polypeptides
DNA carries the “code of life”
Continuation: translation
Do Now: Imagine you have an original Michaelangelo painting
Transcription and Translation
Protein Synthesis.
Protein Synthesis.
Protein Synthesis Living Environment.
Protein Synthesis.
Protein Synthesis Making Proteins
The Production of Proteins by DNA
Presentation transcript:

Protein Synthesis The making of Proteins Proteins: a combination of Amino acids DNA determines what the protein will look like RNA puts the protein together RNA takes DNA instructions to the Ribosomes RNA reads DNA’s message & puts the protein together

Step #1: Transcription DNA makes the RNA strand (mRNA) that will leave the nucleus and go to the ribosomes Transcription = DNA → mRNA

Transcription Steps: 1. DNA unzips & RNA in the cytoplasm bonds to make mRNA 2. mRNA leaves nucleus & goes to ribosomes Transcription

DNA to mRNA

Codon Each combination of 3 bases (AUG, ACA) code for a specific amino acid.

Amino Acids 20 Different Amino Acids Chemical building blocks of Proteins 20 Different Amino Acids More than one codon for each amino acid. (see chart) Stop Codon: stops the production of the protein

Translation / Protein Synthesis The original code for the protein from DNA is translated into a protein.

Process: 2. mRNA codons are pointed out to tRNA 1. mRNA is on ribosomes 2. mRNA codons are pointed out to tRNA 3. tRNA picks up and brings in amino acids to mRNA for protein assembly. 4. Process continues until stop codon is reached! translation

Translation:

A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene's DNA sequence can alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, thereby changing the protein produced.

A mistake in a letter of the DNA which changes the codon Example: DNA: GCA TGC TGC GAA ACT TTG mRNA: CGU ACG ACG CUU UGA AAG Mutation: DNA: GCA TAC TGC GAT ACT TTG

Importance of Mutations: Many don’t matter (base is wrong, but same amino acid is made) Some cause drastic changes in the protein & disrupt normal functions (diseases & cancer) Some result in good variations