Do Now How are nucleotides bonded? What is the monomer of lipid? What is the function of a carbohydrate? Can humans digest cellulose? What is the polymer of a carbohydrate found in animals called?

Exit Ticket Review What are the functions of a lipid? insulate and protect organs, hormone, and long-term energy storage What is one example of a lipid? fat, phospholipid, or steroid What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? nucleotide What is a synonym for regulation? homeostasis

SWBAT differentiate between inorganic and organic identify all 4 major organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins identify monomer, function, and example of proteins

Nucleic Acids https://youtu.be/T5gEIViVAPw (2 mins) 4 of 5 Nucleic acids store the code for genetic heredity. A nucleic acid’s monomer (subunit) is a nucleotide. Many nucleotides bond together to make up a long chain called a nucleic acid. Nucleic acids allow traits to be passed from parent to child (DNA)

There are two basic types of nucleic acids: DNA is a double chain of nucleotides found in all living cells. RNA is a single chain of nucleotides that provides the structures needed for the cell to make proteins.

Proteins https://youtu.be/9hyiKNaLqTo ( 3 mins) 1 of 3 All six essential elements may be used in the production of small subunits (monomer) called amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids. Amino acids bond to other amino acids by peptides to form a long chain called a protein. These chains of amino acids fold into a particular shape. The shape of a protein will determine its function. If a protein denatures (loses its shape) it can no longer function.

Functions of proteins the basic building materials for life Some proteins, called pigments, absorb and reflect light. Ex. Chlorophyll absorbs light to gather energy for photosynthesis and reflects the color green. Some proteins are constructed by cells to bind with and inactivate foreign particles in the body. These are called antibodies. Random fact: even though I moved a lot, I didn’t go on my first vacation until I was 19. I took a train to Savannah with my income tax refund. 2 of 3

3 of 3 https://youtu.be/ae_jC4FDOUc (4 mins) Some proteins are used for transport through the cell membrane or in the bloodstream (ex. hemoglobin- transports oxygen throughout bloodstream) Some proteins are used for communication between cells. These may be hormones (insulin) or neurotransmitters. ex. Insulin is secreted by the pancreas and is used to regulate blood sugar levels. Enzymes (a special class of protein) act to speed up chemical reactions. (ex. peptidase also known as protease) ALL ENZYMES end in -ase

SWBAT differentiate between inorganic and organic identify all 4 major organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins identify monomer, function, and example of proteins

Independent Activity 1)name of organic compound In your notebook, organize all your organic molecules on one page and for EACH organic compound include: 1)name of organic compound 2)monomer (and picture) 3)polymer, if one is present (and picture) 4)type of bond, if given 5)chemical test (we will fill this out later) 6)FUNCTION

Group Activity Kahoot! https://play.kahoot.it/#/k/53883ff4-8fbe-4e7e-b782-8aba56a20489

Do Now (you have 5 minutes after the bell to complete) Which STERNGRR term does protein relate to the most? Why? What is the monomer for carbohydrates? What is an example of a polysaccharide in plants? How are nucleic acids bonded together? How are amino acids bonded together?

Biochemistry Day 4 out of 7

Take out your Organic Molecule foldable or master sheet!

It’s QUIZ time!!!!! What is the monomer of proteins? What is a protein’s function? What are 2 examples of proteins? What are the two polymer examples of carbohydrates? What is the monomer of a carbohydrate? What is the monomer of a nucleic acids? How is the monomer of a nucleic acid bonded? What is the function of a nucleic acid? What is the monomer of a lipid? What are the three functions of a lipid? How was I able to afford my 1st vacation?

SWBAT identify enzymes as proteins understand that amino acids make up proteins and it is the amino acid sequence that determines a protein’s shape, which then determines its function

Enzymes Enzymes help maintain homeostasis 1 of 8 Enzymes- a fun introduction – YouTube Enzymes help maintain homeostasis Metabolism (chemical reactions) requires certain conditions to occur. Enzymes regulate metabolism, allowing life to continue. Enzymes speed up reactions, making an enzyme a biological catalyst.

Enzymes continued 2 of 8 Metabolism (each reaction) has a small range of temperature and pH at which it can proceed. Each reaction also needs some energy to begin. This is called activation energy. Enzymes allow reactions to occur at lower activation energy (body temperature).

Graph of a reaction with and without an enzyme

The structure of an enzyme determines its function Enzymes are usually proteins. Proteins have a definite 3-D structure based on how the amino acid chains fold. On the enzyme, there is a place where the target molecule can attach. This place is called the active site. The target molecule/chemical is the substrate.

Active Site 5 of 8 If the enzyme’s active site changes shape too much, the substrate will not fit. An enzyme may change shape if it is denatured by a change in temperature, pH, or salinity. This means the enzyme will not be able to speed up the reaction. DRAW THIS --------->

The enzyme collides with the substrate. Enzyme - YouTube (1 min) 6 of 8 Enzymes mediate (help) chemical reactions using a specific chemical pathway (series of steps). The enzyme collides with the substrate. The enzyme and substrate fit together at the active site like a lock and key.

The enzyme changes the substrate in some way 7 of 8 The enzyme changes the substrate in some way It may help break the substrate apart by stressing bonds. It may hold two (or more) substrates together closely so the two parts interact. The enzyme and the substrate (now product) separate.

Enzymes have distinguishing characteristics 8 of 8 Enzymes are specific. This means enzymes will catalyze only one specific reaction because only certain substrates fit due to the shape of the active site. Enzymes are reusable. Notice in the previous diagram that the enzyme did not change shape or split. This means it can now fit with another substrate or set of substrates and repeat its role in speeding up the reaction. https://youtu.be/deFQhPurj-k (4 mins)

SWBAT identify enzymes as proteins understand that amino acids make up proteins and it is the amino acid sequence that determines a protein’s shape, which then determines its function

Group Activity/Independent Practice You may work with 1 partner or individually. Create a poster that has: An Enzyme-Substrate Complex Label the enzyme, substrate, the enzyme-substrate complex, and the products Include 5 facts about enzymes on your poster Make it colorful! I will hang these up.

Graph of a reaction with and without an enzyme