REVIEW PACKET # 1 SENSES INTRO TOUCH TASTE SMELL

Proprioceptors sense changes in the what? the tension of muscles and tendons

Baroreceptors detect changes in . blood pressure

What sense are these receptors used for? olfactory

There are five types of sensory receptors. Name three. chemoreceptors pain receptors thermoreceptors mechanoreceptors photoreceptors

What stimulus does each receptor respond to? Chemoreceptors respond to Pain receptors respond to Thermoreceptors respond to Mechanoreceptors respond to Photoreceptors respond to What stimulus does each receptor respond to? . Chemoreceptors respond to changes in chemical concentrations. Pain receptors respond to tissue damage. Thermoreceptors respond to temperature changes. Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical forces. Photoreceptors respond to light energy.

Does this describe a sensation or a perception? a feeling that occurs when the brain interprets sensory impulses; depend on which region of the cerebral cortex receives the impulse. A sensation

Name the entire structure. Taste bud

skin muscles joints viscera General senses are those whose sensory receptors are associated with what body areas? (name 3) skin muscles joints viscera

Three groups of somatic senses are Exteroceptive senses include senses of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. Proprioceptive senses include senses associated with changes in muscles and tendons and in body position. Visceroceptive senses include senses associated with changes in viscera.

Name the three types of receptors responsible for the senses of touch and pressure. Free nerve endings are located in epithelial tissues and are responsible for the sensation of itching. Meissner’s corpuscles are located in hairless portions of skin and are involved in fine touch, as in distinguishing between two points on the skin. Pacinian corpuscles are located in deeper subcutaneous tissues of the hands, feet, penis, clitoris, urethra, breasts, and tendons and ligament, and are associated with heavier pressure, stretch, and vibrations.

Temperatures above 45oC and below 10oC activate _________receptors. pain

Which of the following cannot block pain in the brain? endorphin enkephalin acetylcholine serotonin acetylcholine

Of the following, which can least likely undergo adaptation? Thermoreceptors Mechanoreceptors photoreceptors Pain receptors pain

Heavy pressure and vibrations stimulate ________________. proprioceptors baroreceptors Meissner's corpuscles Pacinian corpuscles Pacinian corpuscles

. The _____ are the actual areas that respond to chemical stimulations for the sense of smell. olfactory lobes olfactory mucous membrane cells cilia on olfactory cells olfactory organs cilia on olfactory cells

The gustatory cortex is located within the _____ temporal parietal . The gustatory cortex is located within the _____ temporal parietal occipital frontal parietal

Sensory adaptation occurs when stimuli become _____. gradually ignored

Name these Stretch Receptors Muscle spindles – in skeletal muscles Golgi tendon organs – in tendons Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sensory nerve fiber T endon Skeletal muscle fiber Skeletal muscle fiber Connective tissue sheath 19 (a) (b)

What does this “map” indicate? Areas of referred pain Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lung and diaphragm Liver and gallbladder Liver and gallbladder Heart Stomach Pancreas Small intestine Ovary (female) Appendix Colon Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder

What causes Referred Pain? May occur due to sensory impulses from two regions following a common nerve pathway to brain Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lung and diaphragm Liver and gallbladder Liver and gallbladder Heart Stomach Pancreas Small intestine Ovary (female) Appendix Colon Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder

Name these Touch and Pressure Receptors Free nerve ending Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscle (touch receptor) (a) Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle (pressure receptor) (b) (c) b, c: © Ed Reschke

Pain receptors are distributed widely throughout the skin and internal tissues, but are lacking where in the body? Nervous tissue of brain

What are these bumps on the tongue called? papillae

What stimulates Pain receptors? Damage to tissues

A nociceptor is a type of _____ receptor. pain

Odors sometimes alter our moods because sensory input from olfaction is routed through this part of the brain. Limbic system

Pacinian corpuscles – in joints Muscle spindles – in skeletal muscles* Where would you find these main kinds of proprioceptors in the body Pacinian corpuscles Muscle spindles Golgi tendon organs Pacinian corpuscles – in joints Muscle spindles – in skeletal muscles* Golgi tendon organs – in tendons

The bumpy surface of the tongue is actually made of peg-like projections called _______. papillae

Name the sensors. Free nerve endings Simplest receptors Sense itching Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles Simplest receptors Sense itching Abundant in hairless portions of skin and lips Detect fine touch; distinguish between two points on the skin Common in deeper subcutaneous tissues, tendons and ligaments Detect heavy pressure and vibrations

The tip of the tongue is very sensitive to which taste sensation(s)?   Both sweet AND salty

Name one of the body’s natural Pain inhibiting substances: Enkephalins Serotonin Endorphins