Methods Chapter Format Sources of Data Measurements Descriptive Statistics Inferential Statistics** **Will be added for last section of the project

Sources of Data Who are your subjects? Why were they selected? How many will be surveyed? How will your subjects be selected? Briefly describe the survey instrument and data collection process

Sampling Methods Probability Sampling Non-probability Sample Simple Random Sample Stratified Random Sampling Cluster Sampling Non-probability Sample Quota Sample Chunk Sample Convenience Sample

Measurements How will you collect the data? How was the survey developed? Validity and reliability issues?

Descriptive Statistics Format of the variables 1 survey item = 1 variable Formats Ratio Interval Ordinal Nominal

Statistics and Data Formats Descriptive stats (and inferential) are tied to the data format

Descriptive Statistics Variable Format Typical Descriptive Stats Categorical Frequencies, percentages, mode Ordinal Frequencies, percentages, median, mode, range (Controversy over using averages) Ratio Frequencies, pecentages, averages, median, mode, range Interval

Example Survey Item Categorical variable Descriptive stats available What is your gender? Categorical variable Descriptive stats available Frequencies Percentages The researcher will be collecting data on the gender of the respondents. Frequencies and percentages will be used to describe the respondents’ gender.

Results Chapter Provide the results in the order presented in the Methods Chapter

Results Chapter Sources of Data Describe how the sampling and data collection process occurred What was your response rate? (Critical information in a study) Is the response rate acceptable?

Results Chapter Measurements Address any issues related to validity and reliability Any issues with the survey methods?

Results Chapter Descriptive Statistics Typically, results are in table format Provide a sentence or two before the table the table describing what was done and the results Example: The researcher collected data describing the gender of the respondents. The majority of the respondents in the study were males (See Table 1).

Tables Follow APA on table formatting, titles, etc.

Example Table Table 1 Frequency and Percentage of Respondents by Gender Gender N Percent Male 30 60 Female 20 40 Total 50 100

Testing Your Research Hypotheses To test your hypotheses looking at the relationship between two variables, you will be using correlation procedures. The correlation procedures you use will be based upon the formats of your dependent and independent variables. This will be covered in upcoming classes.