Building the New Nation

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Presentation transcript:

Building the New Nation Mr. Johnson U.S. History

The First Party System

Washington’s Administration

Cabinet – Clashing Views Democratic-Republicans Federalists Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury

The First Two-Party System Issue Government: State or national? Interpretation of the Constitution: Strict or Loose? Tariffs, Banks & Business or farming? Banks: National or State? Defense: Standing Army or Militias? Foreign Policy: Support Britain or Support France? Regions of Support: N, S, E, W? Nullification More important: Order or Liberty? Party Leaders & Presidents Federalists Democratic-Republicans Questions Why does the Electoral College encourage a two-party system rather than a multiparty system? Explain how Thomas Jefferson’s election in the “revolution” of 1800 changed the way the federal (national) government operated. National State

Two Parties

John Adams’ Presidency

Election of 1796

A New President John Adams Boston Patriot Federalist

Vice President Thomas Jefferson Virginian Republican (Democratic-Republican Became VP because he received second-most votes At odds with Adams

The XYZ Affair Jay Treaty – An alliance with Britain? French seize 300 American ships in French harbors Adams sends negotiators to Paris to meet with “X, Y and Z” French demand $250,000 payment and $10 million loan "Millions for defense, sir, but not one cent for tribute!“ Link

The Quasi War Piracy, small naval battles Convention of 1800 – ends the Quasi War, but terminates US alliance with France against Britain U.S. is now neutral, following Washington’s farewell advice

Alien & Sedition Acts Four Bills Naturalization Act Alien Friends Act Alien Enemies Act Sedition Act

Naturalization Acts 1790 1795 1798 Notice time no notice required 3 years 5 years Residence period 2 years 14 years Target: potential English & Irish immigrants who would likely vote for the Jeffersonian Republicans

Alien Friends Act 1798 Arrest and deportation of “dangerous” aliens

Alien Enemies Act 1798 Arrest and deportation of resident aliens whose home countries were at war with United States

Sedition Act Outlawed criticism of government officials unless the claims could be proven

Nullification Jefferson, many states oppose the Alien & Sedition Acts Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions call the act “null and void” States vs. federal government: who wins?... …Principle remained untested because the states never enforced these resolutions

John Marshall Strong Federalist Appointed to Supreme Court by John Adams Expanded power of federal government and judicial branch

Election of 1800 Mudslinging Obama attack ad Romney attack ad Youtube video

Sally Hemings Controversy

Election of 1800

Election of 1800 Jefferson wins “Revolution of 1800”… peaceful transfer of power

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