WARM UP – March 14 ANSWER THESE ON A CLEAN SHEET OF PAPER: 1. Briefly describe the XYZ Affair (why did it begin, what did the French do that insulted the Americans, what was the American response – what did it lead to) 2. What was the intention of the Alien and Sedition Acts? 3. What was the response by Democratic – Republicans? What did these resolutions state about the Alien and Sedition Acts?

X Election of 1800 POTUS Adams vs TJ… again Federalists: “TJ supports the French Revolution and French radicals and is an atheist who is out to destroy organized religion!” Dem-Reps: “Adams is a tool of the rich and wants the US to resemble the British monarchy by taking away our rights!” POTUS

Election of 1800 Adams lost… Federalists were unpopular after the Quasi-War and the Alien and Sedition Acts. TJ ran with Aaron Burr as his fellow Democratic Republican candidate. The Constitution allowed for each electoral to vote for 2 candidates. The winner with the most votes = POTUS. The runner up = VP. TJ and Burr both got 73 electoral votes… TIE!

Hamilton Breaks the Tie The House of Representatives was called upon to break the tie by voting for either TJ or Burr for president. Hamilton convinced most Federalist representatives to vote for TJ rather than Burr  TJ = POTUS! Hated TJ, but was the lesser of two evils. BURR TJ POTUS!

The Election of 1800 Adams will not win a second term… all the Federalists and Hamilton know that  must choose between TJ and Burr. The electoral votes end in a tie between TJ and Burr, thus the House of Reps will vote. Hamilton endorses TJ and the Federalists in the House of Reps vote for TJ (“landslide”) Burr becomes VP (runner-up), but blames Hamilton for his loss of the presidency.

Hamilton’s Legacy Patriot Federalist 1st Secretary of the Treasury Revolutionary War veteran Federalist 1 of 3 authors of the Federalist Papers Leader in the Federalist Party Helped calm the Whiskey Rebellion 1st Secretary of the Treasury Created National Bank Influential in paying back Revolutionary War debts

Who Lives, Who Dies Jefferson acknowledges Hamilton’s financial plan was successful even though he didn’t agree. Madison says Hamilton doesn’t get enough credit.

Midnight Judges Adams defeated by TJ for presidency. Adams realizes that the Federalist party is not popular anymore. The Federalists will lose their power in the government if fewer people vote for them. Has a few days left as POTUS before TJ takes over. Judiciary Act of 1801 – Congress created 16 new federal judge positions Adams filled the positions with Federalist judges… the night before he left office. Midnight judges – Federalist judges appointed by Adams on his last day in office

Marbury v. Madison (1803) Marbury v. Madison (1803) TJ unhappy about midnight judges Madison (Sec. of State) refused to deliver appointment papers because Adams was no longer president Marbury was appointed, but didn’t get his papers from Madison

Marbury v. Madison (1803) Marbury sued Madison. Claimed that the Supreme Court should FORCE Madison to serve the papers The Judiciary Act of 1789 said that the SCOTUS should force the executive branch to deliver any appointment papers SCOTUS decided in favor of Madison. Declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional because the Constitution doesn’t say the SCOTUS should force the executive branch to deliver appointment papers. If the law is unconstitutional, Madison doesn’t have to deliver the papers.

Marbury v. Madison (1803) Why important? John Marshall Established judicial review – the power of the SCOTUS to evaluate the constitutionality of laws. Expands the power of the judicial branch John Marshall Chief justice of the SCOTUS Appointed by Adams – Federalist Responsible for the Marbury v. Madison decision and establishing judicial review In the next 30 years, Marshall influences many SCOTUS decisions that increase the power of the federal government.

The Revolution of 1800 The first time a NEW political party came to power Cut back on Federalist actions under Adams Repealed Alien and Sedition Acts Cut national taxes (to roll back Hamilton’s Economic Plan) Cut tariffs to encourage trade Reduced the size and spending of the military

The Revolution of 1800 Changed the way the public viewed the President. Dressed-down Took off wig to greet visitors Walked into the Inauguration Ceremony instead of riding in a carriage Wanted to appeal to the common man

The Revolution of 1800 1st POTUS to take office in new capital: Washington DC Begins the Virginia Dynasty: next two POTUS also from VA Reflected the growing importance of the South in politics (increased sectionalism) Emphasized the decline in Federalist support

Jefferson Expands the Nation TJ faced a dilemma… Wanted more farmable land to increase his dream agricultural economy Doesn’t want to add TOO much land – leads to a bigger national government TJ favors a strict interpretation of the Constitution which DOES NOT state that the POTUS can purchase new territories from other nations. ?

Louisiana Purchase 1800 - Spain secretly gave the Louisiana (LA) Territory back to France. Napoleon takes back control of the MS River that Spain had given to the US in Pinckney’s Treaty. By 1803, Napoleon has lost interest in North American conquests due to other problems. Slave rebellions in Haiti At war with England

Louisiana Purchase TJ sends James Monroe to France to offer to buy LA Territory for $15 million Long shot - $15 million was not a lot of money for that much land Napoleon AGREES!!!

MS River to Rocky Mountains- 828,000 sq. miles DOUBLES the size of the US!

Jefferson – The Practical Politician What does it mean to be practical? Sensible Realistic Useful TJ = Democratic Republican Weaker central government Strict interpretation of Constitution Buying the LA Territory goes against ALL of TJ’s political beliefs… BUT he knew it was a good move for the future of the US, so he was PRACTICAL and buys the land.

Exploring New Lands The US had doubled its size for a CHEAP price 1804-06 - Lewis and Clark were sent to explore this new territory Sacajawea, a female Native, helped them along the way