Lipids A Type of Organic Molecule -Fats, Oils, Waxes and Steroids

Lipids Not soluble in H2O but are soluble in oils. More energy in lipids than in carbohydrates Made up of C, H, O but very little O

Triglyceride: Fats 1 glycerol + 3 Fatty acids glycerol and fatty acids (hydrocarbon chains) hooked together by dehydration synthesis (condensation rxn) Glycerol Hydrocarbon chain (non polar) http://www2.nl.edu/jste/lipids.htm

When drawing hydrocarbons it is often easier and quicker to draw a kinked line where each kink represents a carbon. The angled appearance of the bonds is also a better representation of its actual structure. C C C C C C

Phospholipid Same structure as triglyceride but with 1 phosphate group

2 types of fat on hydrocarbon tail Saturated Unsaturated fats A butter sculpture from the North Carolina state fair

Saturated Fats: Has as many H’s as you can get Solid at room temperature b/c carbon chains are straight and “stack” up flat Made by animals Examples include: Fat Lard Butter

Triglyceride: Fats m.p. 70ºC

More butter sculpture… Yes, this is made of butter. It’s called “Deep in the heart of Texas” A fine use of saturated fat.

Unsaturated Fats: Has double bonds, less H’s Made by plants Oil (liquid) at room temperature m.p. -5ºC m.p. 16ºC

I. Triglycerides and Fatty Acids most have even numbered chains, between 12 and 20 carbons cis isomer predominates in unsaturated fatty acids more unsaturation  lower melting point stearic acid (18:0) m.p. 70ºC oleic acid (9-18:1) an -9 fatty acid m.p. 16ºC linoleic acid (9,12-18:2) an -6 fatty acid m.p. -5ºC linolenic acid (9,12,15-18:3) an -3 fatty acid m.p. -11ºC

Steroids Cholesterol (type of steroid) Hormones (type of steroid) Consist of four interconnected rings of carbon Cholesterol (type of steroid) Hormones (type of steroid) Testosterone Estrogen Progesterone

androgens (male sex hormones) produced in the testes responsible for development of male sex characteristics estrogens (female sex hormones) produced in the ovaries responsible for development of female sex characteristics cortisone hormones produced in the adrenal cortex regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, decrease inflammation, involved in reaction to stress