What is a wave? A wave is simply a movement of energy that travels through a medium…

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Mechanical Waves and Sound

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Presentation transcript:

What is a wave? A wave is simply a movement of energy that travels through a medium…

Some definitions… 1) Amplitude – this is “how high” the wave is: 2) Wavelength () – this is the distance between two corresponding points on the wave and is measured in metres: 3) Frequency – this is how many waves pass by every second and is measured in Hertz (Hz)

All other waves require a medium (air, water, string, etc.) The speed of a wave depends on the medium. v = f  That means that these two are inversely proportional f  f 

Calculate the period, frequency and speed of the waves. Example: A surfer is in a swell in which 4 waves pass every minute. The distance between each wave crest is 5m. Calculate the period, frequency and speed of the waves.

A)v =60 B)v=5 C) 3.3m D)300 E)2 000 000 F)3500

Do U get it? Assume V ~ constant 1) Quiet sound, low frequency: 2) Quiet sound, high frequency: 3) Loud sound, low frequency: 4) Loud sound, high frequency:

Waves Types: 1) Transverse Transverse waves are when the displacement is at right angles to the direction of the wave… Displacement Direction Examples include waves in water, strings, earthquakes…

and earthquakes (S waves)

Longitudinal waves Displacement Longitudinal waves are when the displacement is parallel to the direction of the wave… Direction Examples sound waves, springs and earthquakes (P waves)...

Longitudinal wave applet PhET Wave interference

http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html Water waves are an example of waves that involve a combination of both longitudinal and transverse motions. As a wave travels through the waver, the particles travel in clockwise circles. The radius of the circles decreases as the depth into the water increases. The movie below shows a water wave travelling from left to right in a region where the depth of the water is greater than the wavelength of the waves. I have identified two particles in yellow to show that each particle indeed travels in a clockwise circle as the wave passes.

http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/images/Rayleigh_animation.gif The Rayleigh waves in an earthquake are the waves that cause the most damage during. They travel with velocities slower than S waves, and arrive later, but with much greater amplitudes. These are the waves that are most easily felt during an earthquake and involve both up-down and side-to-side motion.