Purpose of Study & Introduction to Sarf (Morphology)

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Presentation transcript:

Purpose of Study & Introduction to Sarf (Morphology) Language of the Arabs Purpose of Study & Introduction to Sarf (Morphology) Shariah Program - © 2003-2009

Why learn the Arabic language? Understand words of the Creator Access heritage of Scholars Increase faith by appreciating the miracle of the Noble Quran Advance in further studies Purpose dictates method Shariah Program - © 2003-2009

Vowels & Consonants 28 letters in Arabic alphabet All consonants 3 short vowels which are separate from alphabet Words constructed by grouping consonants Groups of 3 Need vowels to pronounce Gives more meaning 27 total vowel combinations possible Shariah Program - © 2003-2009

Short Vowels حركات ضَمَّة : ُ - ‘o’ or ‘u’ in English. فَتحَة : َ - short ‘a’ in English. كَسرَة : ِ - ‘e’ or ‘i’ in English. The absence of a vowel is called سُكون ( ْ ). Pronouncing of the letter twice is called تَشدِِيد or شَدّه Shariah Program - © 2003-2009

اِسْتَنْصَرُوْا Shariah Program - © 2003-2009

Meanings Help Notion of seeking Past tense Active voice Masculine gender of subject Plurality of subject Third person aspect of subject Shariah Program - © 2003-2009

Science of صرف What makes Arabic superior? Its comprehensive nature The science of Sarf will teach all these meanings 2 7 (from previous slide) Focus on patterns and endings Patterns of vowelization & non-base letters for conveying tense and voice Designated endings (suffixes) which come at the end of a verb for gender, plurality, person Shariah Program - © 2003-2009

Verb Conjugation Combining verb with its subject Gender Plurality Person Shariah Program - © 2003-2009

3rd Person Conjugation Layout Gender Plurality English Equivalent # 3rd Masculine Singular He 1 Dual (2) They (M2) 2 Plural (>2) They (M>2) 3 Feminine She 4 They (F2) 5 They (F>2) 6 Shariah Program - © 2003-2009

2nd Person Conjugation Layout Gender Plurality English Equivalent # 2nd Masculine Singular You (M) 7 Dual (2) You (M2) 8 Plural (>2) You (M>2) 9 Feminine You (F) 10 You (F2) 11 You (F>2) 12 Shariah Program - © 2003-2009

1st Person Conjugation Layout Gender Plurality English Equivalent # 1st Masculine Singular I (M/F) 13 Dual (2) We (M/F≥2) 14 Plural (>2) We 15 Feminine I 16 17 18 Shariah Program - © 2003-2009

Verb Tables Tables of 14 Model base-letters Active-passive Shariah Program - © 2003-2009