Jeffersonian Democracy

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Presentation transcript:

Jeffersonian Democracy

Virginia and Kentucky Resolves Thomas Jefferson thought that the Sedition Act violated a person’s right to free speech. He wasn’t alone. Virginia and Kentucky also thought so, and passed the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions. This said that they (the States) had the right to declare a Federal Law ‘null and void” if it went against the Constitution.

Jefferson and Adams After 4 years, Adams and Jefferson ran for the Presidency again. This time, Jefferson won. Before leaving office, Adams placed a bunch of his “friends” in positions as judges. They were known as the midnight judges. When Jefferson got in and found out about this, he told his Secretary of State, James Madison, not to deliver the appointment letters.

Marbury vs. Madison One “judge-to-be”, William Marbury, took this matter to the Supreme Court. (Marbury vs. Madison) Marbury wanted the Supreme Court Justice, John Marshall, to order Jefferson and Madison to give him his position as judge. Marbury explained that the Supreme Court could do this because the Judiciary Act gave the Supreme Court the power.

John Marshall explained that the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional, and therefore he (Marshall) did not have the right to tell the President any such thing. Marbury lost and did not get his judge appointment. This was a HUGE victory for the Supreme Court, because Marshall established “Judicial Review”: the right of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.

Jefferson’s Government Encouraged Congress to abandon the Alien and Sedition Acts Cut federal debt. Cut taxes, reduced debt from $87 million to $57 by 1809 Cuts in the army and navy Streamline or systemize government departments Increase foreign trade Westward expansion

Expansion under Jefferson The Northwest Ordinance established a process for territory to be settled and become states. In 1803, Jefferson sent an ambassador to France to buy Louisiana. Before the deal was over, he had purchased all French land in the US. This DOUBLED the size of the US. This is known as the LOUISIANNA PURCHASE.

Lewis and Clark Sent by Jefferson to explore and chart / report on the new territory Controversial because it was hypocritical of Jefferson’s minimal govt. policy Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led the Corp of Discovery Explored the 828,000 sq. mile region Led by Sacajawea and her husband

More Foreign Troubles Barbary War British Impressments Barbary States of North Africa US was paying for protection from Pirates in the Mediterranean 1801, ruler of Tripoli started seizing US ships Jefferson sent the navy to defeat them and gained peace in 1805 British Impressments Impressments: seizing of American ships and forcing them to serve in the British Navy By 1812, 6,000 US citizens serving in the British Navy

Jefferson’s Embargo Backfires The British Leopard boarded one of our ships, The USS Chesapeake. Jefferson wanted to send a message that this was wrong but did not want an all-out war with Britain. He decided on an EMBARGO, or trade restriction. The trade restriction hurt Britain very little, but hurt merchants and traders in New England A LOT. So, what was supposed to punish Britain really punished US citizens a lot more.