Is about: what Paleolithic humankind needed in order to survive. The Paleolithic Era Is about: what Paleolithic humankind needed in order to survive.

Physical Needs Sewn animal skins to survive Ice Age Tools and weapons made of stone, bone, and wood. Digging sticks, spears, and axes Caves and rocky overhangs as shelter

Early Tools

Physiological Needs Nomads: moved from place to place Hunted and gathered in bands (20-30) Followed animals and ripened fruit Ate fish, fruits, berries, leaves, nuts, grains, roots Built fire for warmth and cooking

Cultural Needs Cave paintings – communication (Lascaux, France) Valued animals Respected and cared for dead Stressed cooperation and collaboration among the nomadic bands

Cave art

Cave art

Psychological Needs Worshiped “mother” earth, giver of life and food. Looked to animal spirits for answers Buried dead Believed in afterlife Status of pregnant women ensuring fertility and survival

Importance of women

Neolithic Era Early Revolution

Changes from Paleolithic Climate change-warming Farming Domestication of animals More advanced tools More food leads to larger population Larger population means… Permanent settlements Villages Personal possessions System of governance

Neolithic Farm tools These early farming tools date from about 6000 bcE. The axe, bottom, was used for clearing; flint sickles, left, were used for harvesting cereal crops; a flat rock and rounded stone, centre, were used for grinding flour; and perforated clay slabs, upper right, were probably used to ventilate bread ovens.

Neolithic Settlements Once people began to grow food they also began to settle and did not wander as nomads. Individual villages started as the population grew These villages turned into larger Agricultural Settlement… two of the most well known are: Catal Huyuk in Anatolia, Turkey with 6000 people Jericho in present day Israel with 2500 people Catal Huyuk Reconstruction