Unit 2 Biochemistry Day 1: Matter and Properties of Water Day 2: Chemical Reactions/Enzymes and Water Olympics Lab

Anything that has mass and volume. What is Matter? Anything that has mass and volume.

What is the smallest unit of matter? Hint: not a Chihuahua!

An Atom!

What 2 larger particles are in the nucleus of the atom and make up the MASS of the atom? What are their charges? What are the smallest particles in the space outside of the nucleus that do not add to its mass? What is its charge?

Protons (+) and Neutrons (0) What 2 larger particles are in the nucleus of the atom and make up the MASS of the atom? What are their charges? Protons (+) and Neutrons (0) What are the smallest particles in the space outside of the nucleus and do not add to its mass? What is its charge? Electrons (-)

First Level Second Level Third Level Electron Shell Level Maximum Number of Electrons in each Shell First Level ? Second Level Third Level

Hint: It’s not the skateboarding company! ? What is an Hint: It’s not the skateboarding company!

An element is “pure stuff”. It is only one kind of atom in matter such as pure gold (Au) from the periodic table. Other Examples: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Sodium Phosphorous

2 or more atoms chemically combined Compound 2 or more atoms chemically combined H (+) O (-) 2 atoms of Hydrogen and 1 atom of Oxygen

Mainly represents the # of Protons (+) but also # of Electrons (-) Represents the # Protons + # Neutrons

What are…..

Neutron # has changed in the element and changes Mass # Neutron # has changed in the element and changes Mass #. Proton # never changes!! Isotopes of Carbon

What is an ION?

An ION is when an atom has gained or lost an electron(s) in the outer most shell. Atom loses electron →it becomes (+) Atom gains electron →it becomes (-) Sodium loses an electron Becomes (+) Chloride gains an electron Becomes (-) Na + Cl → Na⁺Cl⁻

OK, now you know what an ion is, so what is an ionic bond?

When one atom loses an electron and another gains an electron and a compound is formed. (NO SHARING) Make some kind of note about valence… NaCl

What is a covalent bond? Think:

Covalent bond is when two atoms are sharing electrons in a compound.

Other types of Bonds Hydrogen Bonds – bonds between (slightly positive charges of) hydrogen molecules and (slightly negative charges of) other molecules—more to come later! Van der waals forces – weakest of bonds. Example: bond between a gecko’s foot and molecules on the wall

Intermission: Properties of water

Do Now: Think, Pair, Share Later Today we will be doing an activity with soap and water. Based on what you know about soap, how do you think the two will interact? Soap is a…lipid! Hint: think of the Type of Molecule Soap Is, and how that Might guide the interaction!

Daily Objectives We will discuss a daily interaction we observe about water, observe the properties of water during a competitive lab exercise, and learn more about them and matter via direct instruction. I will work with my classmates to understand the properties of water, and begin to comprehend what makes water so special.

What are the reactants and products of this reaction? Chemical Reactions What are the reactants and products of this reaction? A + B → C

What are the reactants and products of this reaction? Chemical Reactions What are the reactants and products of this reaction? Reactants A + B → C Products

What are the reactants? What are the products?

What is Activation Energy? What is the difference between Endergonic and Exergonic reactions?

Activation Energy (energy needed to get a reaction started) of Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions Energy Absorbed Energy Released

Energy released during a chemical reaction is in the form of……… Heat, Light, and or Sound

Reactant that needs the help of an enzyme is called a substrate Enzymes are catalysts in the body that help speed up chemical reactions. Must know the 3 parts Reactant that needs the help of an enzyme is called a substrate Sometimes up to 10 million times faster! Lock & Key

Enzymes are Affected By… pH Temperature Amount of substrate Amount of enzyme Presence of activators or inhibitors

What is the difference between reaction A & B? You need to find the answer in your notes.