Simple Machines Chapter 4

Inclined Plane An inclined plane is a flat, _______surface sloped It lays ______ and does not move sloped still

Makes work easier by… 100N 3m 300J 3m Work = Force x Distance 100N Work = ___ x ___ = ____ 100N 3m 300J

3m 6m Work = Force x Distance Work = ____ x ___ = _____ 50N 6m 300J

50N x 6m = 100N x 3m Work = 100N x 3m = 300J Work = 50N x 6m = 300J Input work = Output work Input force x input distance = Output force x Output distance 50N x 6m = 100N x 3m

Inclined Planes… Increase the _________ over which you apply your force This allows you to apply _______ force but do the same amount of work distance less

Examples: Steps Ramps Ladders

Wedge A wedge is ______ inclined planes sandwiched together two Gives you a flat end Gives you a pointed end It is a __________ machine two moving

Makes work easier by… Your force goes ______________ down straight This makes it harder to split something in two straight

Makes work easier by… Change the _________ of the force you apply Since it sends your force in opposite directions, it makes it easier for your to split an object in two. direction

Makes work easier by… Your force goes straight down The wedge sends your force in two ___________ directions The oppositely faced force help split the object different

Examples: Axe blade Teeth Nail tip

Levers A lever is a rigid _____ that rotates on a fixed point called the _________. It is a __________ machine bar fulcrum moving

Make work easier by… _______class levers: First opposite direction Input and output forces are on ___________ sides of the fulcrum They change the _____________ of the input force First opposite direction Output force Input force Fulcrum

___________ class levers: Second between The output force is ___________ the input force and fulcrum They make your input force ______ by increasing input distance Second between less Input force Fulcrum Output force

_______ class levers: Third smaller The input force is between the output force and the fulcrum Makes your input force bigger but only over a _______ input distance Third smaller Fulcrum Input force Output force

Levers A screw is an inclined plane _________ around a _________ It is a _______ machine wrapped cylinder moving

Make work easier by… OUTPUT 75N .06m 4.5J INPUT 4.5J 0.3m 4.5J/0.3m Force = 75N OUTPUT Work = Force x Distance Work = ____ x ____ =_____ 75N .06m 4.5J Distance = .02m INPUT Distance = .06m _____ = Force x ____ __________= Force = ____ 4.5J 0.3m 4.5J/0.3m 15N

Screws… Make work easier by ____________ the input distance and by ___________ the input force you exert This makes the output force very great. increasing decreasing

Examples: Bolts Light bulb ends Jar lids

Pulleys A pulley is a grooved wheel with a cable wrapped around it It is a moving machine

Make work easier by… Fixed pulleys: Pulley does not move and the input force points down They change the direction of the input force Input Output Cable machine

Moveable pulleys: Pulley moves with the object, input force points up They make your input force less by increasing input distance Crane

Block and tackle pulleys: Combines a fixed with a moveable pulley They make your input force less by increasing input distance Sail boat system

Wheel and Axle A wheel and axle are two cylinders that are fastened together Wheel = bigger cylinder Axle = smaller cylinder They both rotate around a common axis It is a moving machine

Makes work easier by… If the force is applied to the wheel: Your force acts over a greater distance This multiplies your force at the axle and requires less input force Small input force Large output force Screwdriver

If the force is applied to the axle: Your force acts over a smaller distance This decreases your force at the wheel but acts over a larger distance Small output force Large input force Train wheel/axle