Matter - Properties & Changes Chapter 3

Properties of Matter Section 1

Matter Matter is the “stuff” of which the universe is composed. Matter has 2 characteristics It has mass Occupies space

States of Matter All matter that exists naturally on Earth can be classified as one of these physical forms, known as the states of matter. Each of the three common states of matter can be distinguished by the way that they fill a container. Scientists also recognize other states of matter. Plasma Formed in the stars & in lightening bolts

States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Vapor Rigid Fixed shape and volume Definite volume Takes the shape of its container Gas No fixed volume or shape Vapor Refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature.

Physical Property Characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition.

Common Physical Properties Density Color Odor Hardness Melting Point

Pure Substances A pure substance always has the same composition Either a pure Element or a compound

Extensive Properties – Are dependent on the amount of substance present. Mass Length Volume Intensive Properties – Are independent of the amount of substance present. Density The density of a substance (at a constant temperature & pressure) is the same no matter how much substance is present.

Chemical Property The ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances.

Changes In Matter Section 2

Physical Change Change that does not affect the composition of a substance Involves a change in a substances physical property, but no fundamental change in the components that make up the substance.

Phase Change A transition of matter from one state to another.

Chemical Change A process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances. Commonly referred to as a chemical reactions The new substances formed in the reaction have different compositions and different properties from the substances present before the reaction occurred.

Signs of a Chemical Reaction 𝑂 2 +𝐼𝑟𝑜𝑛→𝑅𝑢𝑠𝑡 In chemical reactions the starting materials are referred to as the reactants and the new substances formed are referred to as the products. Signs of a Chemical Reaction A chemical reaction also produces a change in property. Example: Spoiled food

Conservation of Matter The Law of Conservation of Mass – States that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction – it is conserved. 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠 Antoine Lavoisier