Matter-Properties and Changes

Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Everything around us is matter, even the stuff we can’t see (atoms, microbes)

Matter For us, there are three common forms of matter. Solid: Ice cubes, bricks, rocks Liquid: tap water, syrup, juice Gas: Water Vapor, Helium in a balloon

Matter Solids have definite shape and definite volume.

Matter Liquids have definite volume, but not definite shape. They take the shape of whatever container they are placed in.

Matter Gases have no definite volume or shape. They expand freely.

Physical Properties Physical Properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing a sample’s composition. In other words, something that describes something.

Physical Properties Examples of physical properties are: Color - Melting point Mass - Freezing point Length - Boiling point Volume - Malleability Density - Ductility Odor - state of matter Hardness *solid, liquid, gas

Physical properties What are some physical properties of the following: A. B.

Chemical Properties The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more substances. Example: Methane is flammable. It has the ability to combine with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide, as well as produce an intense reaction.

Chemical Properties Example: Iron will form rust when exposed to oxygen.

Physical Change A change that alters a substance without changing its chemical makeup. Ex: Tearing a piece of paper, chopping down a tree, melting ice…

Chemical Changes A chemical change is one that involves one or more substances changing into new substances. Ex: Aluminum foil in HCl to form Hydrogen gas and AlCl3

Chemical Change Other examples of chemical change are bread getting moldy, fruit going rotten, acid corroding metal, etc.

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures First: Elements Elements are pure substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means. All of the atoms in an element are the same.

Elements Example- Mercury

Compounds Compounds are made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically. These have atoms that are chemically BONDED to one another. They cannot be separated by physical means.

Compounds Example: Acetic Acid HC2H3O2

Mixtures Mixtures are a combination of two or more pure substances in which the pure substances retain their original chemical properties. The parts of a mixture do not bond chemically and can be separated by physical means.

Mixtures There are two types of mixtures: Heterogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixtures A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that is not evenly blended. You can identify the different pieces in a hetero. Mixture.

Heterogeneous Mixture Examples

Homogeneous Mixture A homogeneous mixture is a mixture that is evenly blended and has a constant composition throughout. You cannot tell the different pieces of a homogeneous mixture, but they can still be separated by physical means.

Homogeneous Mixture Examples

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous? Fizzy Soda and Flat soda

Suspensions vs. Colloids Colloid: A type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions but not heavy enough to settle out Example: Milk Suspensions: A heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which particles settle Example: Pond water, river deltas

Separating Mixtures There are several ways to separate heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures: Filtration Distillation Crystallization Sublimation Chromatography