Age of Exploration (1450 - 1750) “God, gold and glory”

I. Motives for Exploration “God, gold and glory” I. Motives for Exploration A. Technological Advances 1. improved navigational methods: - magnetic compass and astrolabe - improved maps and charts

2. improved ship designs - the caravel sailed faster and better into the wind, were lighter

3. improved weapons - gunpowder and cannons Why would this be important?

B. Desire for wealth 1. gain access to the spice trade (also sugar and silk) Arab and Italian merchants had a monopoly 2. find new sources of gold and silver

If you’re going from Europe to China, which way is easiest… the red or blue route?

Silk Road through Asia

WHY!? Muslims vs. Christians during the crusade. Muslims won, closed access to Silk Road to Europeans.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbA7owKfOHo Crusades!?

C. Growth of Nation-States 1. centralized power at home allowed for an outward push and colonization of new lands. D. Religious devotion / Crusading Spirit 1. desire to convert new people to Christianity 2. to strike a blow against the Muslims

E. Renaissance Spirit and Values 1. desire to learn about the world (intellectual curiosity) - Marco Polo returns with stories of the riches in Asia. 2. desire for adventure, fortune, fame and glory.

II. Portugal and Spain A. Portugal 1. Portugal led the way in exploration a. Prince Henry the Navigator encourages exploration and the study of improvements in seafaring.

b. location –. Portugal was. well situated. to explore. based on b.location – Portugal was well situated to explore based on routes available to explore.

2. Portuguese. sailors. explored the. coast of. Africa in an 2. Portuguese sailors explored the coast of Africa in an attempt to find a water route to Asian trade.

3. Portuguese explorers included: Bartholomeu Dias - first to sail around the southern tip ofAfrica Vasco da Gama - discovered an all water trade route between Portugal and India.

B. Spain     1. Columbus sails West in an attempt to reach Asia. a. opened the Americas to European colonization and trade. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kmwriy3a6sc

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) - Spain and Portugal sign a treaty dividing the newly discovered lands between the two nations

Amerigo Vespucci – Explored the coast of the newly discovered lands Suggested Columbus had actually discovered a new world Vespucci’s name begins to appear on maps of the New World

Ferdinand Magellan – attempted to find a Western route to Asia, one of his ships will complete the first circumnavigation of the earth. (1519-1522) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pM-igYjn6E4

Conquistadors Conquistadors were soldiers, explorers, and adventurers at the service of the Spanish Empire and Portuguese Empires They conquered and claimed MANY lands in Central and S. America

Francisco Pizarro Rumors about a very wealthy Inca Empire in S. America were circulating. Craving wealth and excitement, Pizarro set out in 1524 in search of this empire. After many years of failed attempts, Pizarro finally found the empire, which is centered in what we now call Peru. Pizarro was excited by the immense riches (GOLD!) that were in this new land.

Pizarro con’t He sent “secret service agents” to the Inca empire to infiltrate the home of the Incan ruler, Atahualpa. They discovered Atahualpa’s weaknesses and told Pizarro (it was his love for his family and himself). Pizarro then lead a surprise attack killing thousands of Incas. Pizarro was able to bribe Atahualpa by promising to spare his family in exchange for vast supplies of silver and gold. However, after Atahualpa turned over the riches, Pizarro had Atahualpa killed. Finally, in 1533 Pizarro conquered Peru. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKeB82retLs

Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived in Mexico in 1519. Cortes along with native allies defeated the Aztec.

Looking for “El Dorado”

The “Columbian Exchange” …the vast exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas and diseases that occurred during the “Age of Exploration” (and still continues today!)

The “Columbian Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Trinkets Liquor GUNS Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough

Why would the 'Columbian Exchange' be considered the beginning of unintentional "bio-terrorism"??

Flow of Conquest & Colonization Official European Colony! Explorers Conquistadores Missionaries Official European Colony! Permanent Settlers