Presented by Jonathan Yabiliyok Religious Conflicts and its Effects on Development in Kaduna state, Nigeria Presented by Jonathan Yabiliyok

Definitions of conflict? a state of open, often prolong fighting; a battle or war perceived divergence of interest, or a belief that the parties' current aspirations cannot be achieved simultaneously(Pruitt & Rubin, 1986) a serious incompatibility between two or more opinions, principles, or interests

Statistics of kaduna state: Population 6,113,503 Major Religions Christianity & Islam No. of ethnic groups: 52 Founded: 1967 Source: www.kadunastate.gov

Map of Nigeria in colonial era

Types of Conflicts Economic: involves competing motives to attain scarce resources. Religious: conflict caused by or justified by religious differences Ethnic: is a conflict between ethnic groups often as a result of ethnic nationalism. Social: Social conflict is a struggle between opponents over values and claims to scarce status, power and resources. (Coser, 1956)

SOME MAJOR CONFLICTS IN KADUNA STATE 1987 Kafanchan religious crisis 1991 Zangon Kataf ethnic crisis 2000 Shariah riots 2001 Miss World riots 20011 Presidential elections 2012 Boko Haram Insurgency

Effects of Ethnic Conflicts on Development Lost of lives

Economic cost incalculable Major lost of economic income to individuals and family Lost of revenue for the government to provide social services; Businesses declining in fortunes;

Governance becomes impossible Inability of the government to provide security and order; Chaos, and confusion Insecurity to lives and property;

WAY FORWARD TO PEACE Tolerance among the adherents of Christian and Islamic religions; Implementation of the recommendations of the different panels to set up to investigate civil disturbances and riots; Inclusion of the teaching of peaceful/mutual co-existence amongst people of different ethnicity, social status or religion in the curriculum of Primary and secondary schools; Employment for the jobless youth