The diagnostic value of urinary incontinence in the differential diagnosis of seizures  Francesco Brigo, Raffaele Nardone, Harald Ausserer, Monica Storti,

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The diagnostic value of urinary incontinence in the differential diagnosis of seizures  Francesco Brigo, Raffaele Nardone, Harald Ausserer, Monica Storti, Frediano Tezzon, Paolo Manganotti, Luigi Giuseppe Bongiovanni  Seizure - European Journal of Epilepsy  Volume 22, Issue 2, Pages 85-90 (March 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2012.10.011 Copyright © 2012 British Epilepsy Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Flowchart of study selection and inclusion. Seizure - European Journal of Epilepsy 2013 22, 85-90DOI: (10.1016/j.seizure.2012.10.011) Copyright © 2012 British Epilepsy Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 The probability of ES is estimated by means of a nomogram describing how pre-test probability relates to post-test probability given the LR for incontinence. Given the same pre-test probability of seizures (i.e. prevalence) of 50%, the presence of urinary incontinence does not increase the chance that the patient had an ES (continuous line) (pLR=close/equal to 1). Seizure - European Journal of Epilepsy 2013 22, 85-90DOI: (10.1016/j.seizure.2012.10.011) Copyright © 2012 British Epilepsy Association Terms and Conditions