Present state of Japanese cedar pollinosis: The national affliction

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Presentation transcript:

Present state of Japanese cedar pollinosis: The national affliction Takechiyo Yamada, MD, PhD, Hirohisa Saito, MD, PhD, Shigeharu Fujieda, MD, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 133, Issue 3, Pages 632-639.e5 (March 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.002 Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 The blooming Japanese cedar tree. A, Yellow-green pollen is scattered from male Japanese cedar flowers. B, JCP (magnification ×400). C, Male (right) and female (left) flowers of Japanese cedar. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 632-639.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.002) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Correlation between increased JCP counts and climate change. A, Annual JCP counts from 1965 to 2013 in Kanagawa prefecture. B, Annual temperature change in Japan compared with baseline (mean temperature from 1960 to 2012). Data were provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency. C, Correlation between annual cumulative levels of airborne JCP and the mean temperature in Fukui, Japan. The mean temperature was taken in late July before the pollen season and from 1988 to 2012 (Spearman rank correlation coefficient = 0.531, P = .0067). Pollen counts were determined from daily data with the Durham sampler (the standard gravity slide sampler) by counting the JCP particles dropped onto glass microscope slides. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 632-639.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.002) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Classification of the total severity of nasal symptoms of AR. Grading of sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction is evaluated based on the frequency of sneezing or the frequency of nasal blowing per day and the duration of mouth breathing. High grading scores are selected from sneezing or rhinorrhea. Uncontrollable severe symptoms are classified as very severe. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 632-639.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.002) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 An environmental exposure unit. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 632-639.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.002) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Persons on a train platform in a large Japanese city wearing facemasks during the JCP season. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 632-639.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.002) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Algorithm for the treatment of sugi-pollinosis recommended by Japanese guidelines.2 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 632-639.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.002) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E1 Forecasting daily JCP counts can be seen in television or newspaper accounts after a weather forecast during the JCP season. This picture shows JCP dispersal conditions in Fukui prefecture. Red symbols indicate a large amount of JCP would disperse in that area today. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 632-639.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.002) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E2 Automatic apparatus for measuring JCP levels. The pictured equipment automatically counts the amount of airborne JCP and transfers the data to a central office through telephone lines. This machine is based on a new laser particle counter methodology to measure the optical properties and hydrodynamic characteristics of pollen. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 632-639.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.002) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions